關系代詞定語從句

　　系詞的用法與區(qū)別定語從句即指在主從復合句用作定語的從句。定語從句通常修飾名詞或代詞，對它進行限制、描繪和說明。受定語從句修飾的詞語叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞語叫關系詞。關系詞按其性質又分關系代詞和關系副詞。下面為大家介紹的是關系代詞定語從句用法，歡迎參考!

　　在復合句中修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。學習定語從句，引導定語從句的關系代詞有who, whom, whose(一般指人);which(一般指物); that(指人或物)等。在句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語。如：

　　1. This is the teacher who / that teaches us English. 這就是教我們英語的老師。(關系代詞who / that 作主語。)

　　2. Do you understand the sentence which / that I have just explained to you? 你們懂不懂我剛才給你們講的那個句子?(關系代詞which / that 作have explained 的`賓語。)

　　3. China is no longer the country that she used to be. 中國不再是過去那樣的國家了。(關系代詞that 作be的表語。)

　　4. Do you know the student whose composition is the best in our school? 你認識那個在我們學校作文最好的學生嗎?(關系代詞whose作composition的定語。)

　　關系代詞引導定語從句要注意下列幾個問題：

　　一、 關系代詞與先行詞。關系代詞所修飾的(或指代的)詞叫做先行詞;先行詞如果是“物”，則關系代詞用which或that; 先行詞如果是“人”，則關系代詞用who或that; 也就是說，that既可用來修飾“人”也可用來修飾“物”。如：

　　1. This is the newspaper which / that I am looking for.

　　[分析]定語從句的先行詞為news-paper, 故關系代詞可以用which或that。

　　2. Mr. Li is the teacher who/that teaches us English.

　　[分析]定語從句的先行詞為teacher, 故關系代詞可以用who或that。

　　但如果先行詞為all， everything， anything， nothing， little, much 等不定代詞，或先行詞被very， all， no， any， every， little， much， only等不定代詞修飾時，關系代詞只用that; 如果先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，關系代詞也只用that; 如果先行詞既有“人”又有“物”時，關系代詞也只能用that。如：

　　1. Finally, the thief handed every-thing that he had stolen to the police.

　　2. That’s the only thing that we can do now.

　　3. This is the first composition that I have written in English.

　　4. We often talk of the persons and things that we knew in the school.

　　二、省略與不能省略。關系代詞作主語，不能省略;關系代詞作賓語，可以省略。如：

　　1. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing.

　　[分析] Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks是主句; that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing是定語從句。關系代詞that作定語從句的主語，故不能省略。

　　2. The book (which / that) I lent you yesterday is my brother’s.

　　[分析] The book is my brother’s是主句;(which / that) I lent you yesterday是定語從句。關系代詞which / that作定語從句里謂語動詞的賓語，故可以省略。

　　3. The old man with white hair (who/ whom / that ) we saw at yesterday’s meeting is a professor.

　　[分析] The old man with white hair is a professor.是主句;(who/whom/that)we saw at yesterday’s meeting是定語從句。關系代詞who/whom/that作謂語動詞saw的賓語，故可以省略。

　　三、whose的用法。不管先行詞是“人”還是“物”，都可以用關系代詞whose作定語修飾后面的名詞。如：

　　1. This book is for the students whose native language is not English.

　　[分析] whose的先行詞是“人”;whose 的意思相當于the students’， 在定語從句里充當定語。

　　2. Do you know who is living in that house whose windows face south?

　　[分析] whose的先行詞是that house; whose window的意思相當于the window of that house, 在定語從句里充當定語。

　　四、who與 whom。 指代“人”的關系代詞作賓語時，既可用who也可用whom, 但作主語時只能用who。如：

　　1. Is this the man who / whom you asked for help yesterday?

　　[分析] 因為關系代詞作asked的賓語，故既可以用who也可以用whom(當然也可以省略)。

　　2. This is the man who helped me carry my bag upstairs.

　　[分析]因為關系代詞作主語，故只能用who (當然也可以用that)。

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