考研英語寫作有哪些技巧及注意事項
作文作為沖刺階段的殺手锏，考生一定得好好復習爭取提分，我們應該找到寫作的方法。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語寫作方法和復習要點，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語寫作技巧及復習注意事項
▶一定要多寫
寫作寫作，第一步首先是寫!可以拿考題多加練習。寫作是考研第二大重頭戲，僅次于閱讀。但是這部分又經(jīng)常被考生忽略，考前不動手，依賴臨考模板。對于考研寫作，最基本的要求是考前必須動筆寫出30篇文章，其中十篇應用文，二十篇圖畫作文。注意：動筆寫的文章最好是有范文的題目。
▶將自己寫的內容和范文進行對比
第二個就是仔細對比，寫完后對照范文從三個方面去研究：第一個是內容，也就是構思和原文有何區(qū)別;第二個是語言，也就是用詞、用句和原文有何區(qū)別?第三個是結構，就是你的行文思路和原文有什么區(qū)別?
▶優(yōu)美范文背誦
有的同學說了，范文我背過了，但是寫作的時候還是不會寫。有兩個原因，第一個原因是你背得不熟，背得結結巴巴，還不如不背;第二個原因是沒有練過，只是死記硬背。背到什么程度哪?一定要“滾瓜爛熟、脫口而出、多多益善。”
要背到不需要去想，不需要去動腦子!如果背一篇文章還需要去想，那就證明還背得不熟。大家上考場，如果能想起平時的70%，那已經(jīng)是相當不錯了。所以我們只能在平時復習的時候背的更熟才行。
▶試著默寫
第四個步驟就是默寫：背熟后把書合上，把這篇文章默寫下來。默寫后，做一個工作：仔細對比原文發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作弱點，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你默寫的文章和原文會有一些出入。包括拼寫、語法、標點，這種錯誤就是你寫作的弱點，把這些錯誤用紅筆標出來。大家為什么寫作拿不到高分，根源只有一個——錯誤太多。很多錯誤自己都不知道。
▶寫作的注意點和技巧：
寫作首要的是，一、不跑題;二、字數(shù)達到要求;三、字跡整潔工整;四、少有語病。這些是很基本的要求，考試的時候就要好好落實。比如，拿到作文題目后要審題。在寫的過程中注意字數(shù)的限制，不要寫太多，會扣分的，字數(shù)不夠也會扣分。所以實在不行就寫完一段話，停下來數(shù)一數(shù)字數(shù)。
字跡工整可能短期內提高不了。只要你比平時稍慢一點寫字母，就會寫得比較整潔。要知道老師的印象分是很重要的。病句的避免技巧就是，凡是你想的過程中感覺別扭的句子，多半就是病句。干脆不要寫出來，換一種形式去表達。不要追求好詞，要追求準確性。
在考前，小作文的提高是非�？斓�。方法就是分析小作文的類型。應用文寫作部分(小作文)考查內容包括投訴信、咨詢信、道歉信、求職信等信函類應用文，而且涵蓋報告、通知、海報等告示類應用文。不同類型的作文，要自己總結模版。小作文是完全可以準備模版的，其作用也是常明顯。一定要注意：總結出適用于自己的模板。
考研英語小作文各類信件寫作技巧
▶一、道歉信
道歉信是由于自己的疏忽失誤而向對方表達歉意并出于誠意寫出具體彌補辦法。第一段首先亮出寫作目的并簡單闡述該物品的狀態(tài)：I am writing to make an apology to you for+句子(表明事件因由)。
第二段列出出錯的原因及具體補救辦法：To make up my fault, ......\ I will......as a token of my apology\ I sincerely apologize for my careless mistake as well as for any inconvenience thus caused to you.
第三段再一次表達歉意：Once again, I am sorry for my carelessness. Looking forward to your reply.
應用文中的這三類投訴信、建議信、道歉信，每一類都有其寫作的范式和具體的內容要求，并且語言要求簡單準確，所以這需要大家清楚每一類文章的一些常用語句，在平常積累背誦，在考場上信手拈來。
▶二、投訴信
投訴信是對于產品、服務等的不滿意，進而需要寫出自己的意見和要求。
第一段需寫寫信的目的以及自己的一個概括的期望：常用套話比如I venture to write to complain about ……+定語從句;I would be grateful if you could do anything necessary to solve the problem facing me.
第二段闡述兩、三方面所面臨的產品或服務的問題及后果：there are several aspects underlying this complaint. For one thing,......For another,......In addition,......
第三段給出具體的期望，比如退款或更換新產品：It is my sincere hope that you could give me full refund or replace it with a new one. Your kind reply to this letter at your earliest convenience would be very much appreciated.
▶三、推薦信
推薦信可以推薦一個人、一個地方、一本書、一部電影。在信中表明推薦的內容、原因及進一步的溝通。
第一段概括說要推薦的內容：I am writing to you to recommend .I have sufficient reasons to introduce this to you and I dare say this is the best I have ever seen.
第二段敘述推薦的東西的價值，可以從表面和深層兩方面來寫：This movie/book/city的主題或城市坐落于哪里。What is more, 情節(jié)吸引人、里邊景色引人入勝。Finally, this movie will definitely change our attitude toward this world and the people around us. We will learn that......
第三段總結句：Therefore I don’t hesitate to recommend this to you. I am sure you will enjoy the。
▶四、辭職信
辭職信內容應包括簡單對所在公司及領導的感謝，并表明辭職原因并表達歉意，最后再致歉并送上簡單祝福。第一段首先致謝：I am grateful to be employed as 職位+時間。Thank you for your kind attention and I would appreciate the opportunity of having worked here.
第二段表明自己要辭職，列出原因，比如離家遠想換到更近的位置;工作不適合自己等等。現(xiàn)在給大家一個例子：However, I regret having to resign from my position. The reason for changing my working plan is that I have expected the job to be interesting and challenging, which turns out to be the opposite. As a young man full of enthusiasm, I therefore decide to quit this job for something else.
可以根據(jù)自己的具體情況給出自己的理由，切不可千篇一律。
第三段簡單表明希望得到允許、歉意及祝福：I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Wish you and your company great success in the future.
▶五、建議信
一般就某個社會問題或個人問題給出自己的意見或建議，比如環(huán)境要改善的諫言;研究生活應該如何進行，等等。分兩類建議信，一類寫給機構，語言要正式嚴謹;而如果寫給熟人，則語言可以隨意一些。第一段概括寫出寫信的大致內容：I am writing here to provide some advice to improve......\You have asked me for my advice concerning/with regard to......
第二段詳述具體的建議，可分條闡述：To begin with,......Besides,......Moreover,......
第三段總結段：I hope you will find these suggestions useful and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a good work.
▶六、求職信
求職信內容包含簡單告知求職人從何處獲悉空缺職位;自我介紹闡述職位所需的而自己符合的.優(yōu)點;盼對方早日恢復給以面試機會。第一段：I am looking for a position in 專業(yè) department in which I may use my training in 專業(yè) to solve 專業(yè) problems. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member.
第二段：表明自己符合該職位。I am sure that I am qualified for it. First, enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and working experience. Second, I am young, enthusiastic and sociable, and these personalities also make me a perfect candidate for it. Last, my hobbies include......
第三段：盼能給以面試機會并表示感謝。I wish you would give me an opportunity to be interviewed. I can be reached by calling me or the address on the envelope. I would appreciate it very much if you could consider my application favorably at your earliest convenience and give me a reply.
考研英語閱讀技巧
具體方法是：在其他四道題的題干和所有選項(包括它們的錯誤選項)中尋找一些意思相同或相近(或表述同一概念范疇)的重復出現(xiàn)的關鍵詞，這些詞是主旨詞。在主旨題的四個選項中，與主旨詞意思或褒貶性最接近的選項就是答案。具體請看下面的真題示例。
例1，2012年英語(一)Text 3
第35題是主旨題(答案：C)，該題如下：
Which of the following would be the best title of the test?
[A]. Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development
[B]. Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery
[C]. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science
[D]. Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science
其余四道題是：
[第31題] According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its
[A]. uncertainty and complexity
[B]. misconception and deceptiveness
[C]. logicality and objectivity
[D]. systematicness and regularity
[第32題] It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires
[A]. strict inspection [B]. shared efforts
[C]. individual wisdom [D]. persistent innovation
[第33題] Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it
[A]. has attracted the attention of the general public
[B]. has been examined by the scientific community
[C]. has received recognition from editors and reviewers
[D]. has been frequently quoted by peer scientists
[第34題] Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that
[A]. scientific claims will survive challenges
[B]. discoveries today inspire future research
[C]. efforts to make discoveries are justified
[D]. scientific work calls for a critical mind
[解析]：在其余四道題的題干和選項中，重復出現(xiàn)的關鍵詞主要有scientific、discovery和credibility/credible，如紅色字體所示，它們是主旨詞。在主旨題第35題的四個選項中，含有主旨詞的選項是BCD。其中，因為scientific和discovery是同類詞，所以含主旨詞信息量最多的選項是CD，答案應在CD中選擇。CD都含相同的主旨詞scientific和credibility，不能確定哪一個是答案。此時，再看含主旨詞的題干，根據(jù)題干表述的意思確定答案。仔細研讀發(fā)現(xiàn)，第31題和第32題的題干中都含有關鍵詞process，它與主旨題選項C中Evolution的意思接近，所以C是主旨題的正確答案�！咎貏e注意，題干中出現(xiàn)的關鍵詞是最重要的。只需根據(jù)題干關鍵詞也可直接找出答案】
例2，2010年英語(一)Text 1
第25題是主旨題(答案：B)，該題如下：
What would be the best title for the text?
[A]. Newspapers of the Good Old Days (過去美好時代的報紙)
[B]. The Lost Horizon in Newspapers (報紙中消失的視野)
[C]. Mournful Decline of Journalism (新聞業(yè)可悲的衰退)
[D]. Prominent Critics in Memory (記憶中著名的評論家)
其余四道題是：
[第21題] It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
[A]. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers
[B]. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews
[C]. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers
[D]. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies
[第22題] Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by
[A]. free themes [B]. casual style
[C]. elaborate layout [D]. radical viewpoints
[第23題] Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?
[A]. It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals
[B]. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists
[C]. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism
[D]. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing
[第24題] What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
[A]. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today
[B]. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute
[C]. His style caters largely to modern specialists
[D]. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition
[解析]：在其余四道題的題干和選項中，重復出現(xiàn)的關鍵詞主要有criticism/reviews (評論，出現(xiàn)5次)、newspapers (出現(xiàn)4次)、writers (作者，出現(xiàn)4次)、journalistic/journalism (新聞業(yè)，新聞業(yè)的，出現(xiàn)3次)，如紅色字體所示。特別注意，關鍵詞writers和journalistic/journalism雖然出現(xiàn)多次，但是它們是集中出現(xiàn)在一道題中，而非涵蓋多道題，出現(xiàn)次數(shù)只是等同于一次，所以它們不是主旨詞。主旨詞是criticism/reviews和newspapers。在主旨題第25題的四個選項中，含有主旨詞的選項是AB，答案應在AB中選擇。注意，選項D中的Critics (評論家)不是主旨詞。接下來，再仔細分析AB，發(fā)現(xiàn)A強調的是newspapers，B強調的是the Lost Horizon。而主旨詞criticism/reviews出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多，還未用上，所以不能選A，A中找不出能夠表述criticism/reviews的內容。事實上，B中的the Lost Horizon正是criticism/reviews的同義替換，所以B是正確答案。
例3，2010年(英語二)Text 1
第25題是主旨題(答案：C)，該題如下：
The most appropriate title for this text could be
[A]. Fluctuation of Art Prices
[B]. Up-to-date Art Auctions
[C]. Art Market in Decline
[D]. Shifted Interest in Arts
其余四道題是：
[第21題] In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because
[A]. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories
[B]. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids
[C]. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces
[D]. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis
[第22題] By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1-2, Para.3)，the author suggests that
[A]. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions
[B]. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries
[C]. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent
[D]. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying
[第23題] Which of the following statements is NOT true?
[A]. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008
[B]. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum
[C]. The art market generally went downward in various ways
[D]. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come
[第24題] The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are
[A]. auction houses ' favorites
[B]. contemporary trends
[C]. factors promoting artwork circulation
[D]. styles representing impressionists
[解析]：在其余四道題的題干和選項中，重復出現(xiàn)的關鍵詞最多的是art market，出現(xiàn)4次;其次是auction、fashion和fell/downward (意思相近)，分別都出現(xiàn)2次，如紅色字體所示。這些詞(特別是art market)是主旨詞。在主旨題第25題的四個選項中，含主旨詞art market的選項只有C。而且，C中還含有與主旨詞fell/downward意思相近的decline。所以，C是主旨題的正確答案。
例4，2010年英語(二)Text 4
第40題是主旨題(答案：D)，該題如下：
In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on
[A]. its nature and problems
[B]. its characteristics and tradition
[C]. its problems and their solutions
[D]. its tradition and development
其余四道題是：
[第36題] From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that
[A]. both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries
[B]. defendants are immune from trial by their peers
[C]. no age limit should be imposed for jury service
[D]. judgment should consider the opinion of the public
[第37題] The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed
[A]. the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws
[B]. the prevalent discrimination against certain races
[C]. the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
[D]. the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges
[第38題] Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because
[A]. they were automatically banned by state laws
[B]. they fell far short of the required qualifications
[C]. they were supposed to perform domestic duties
[D]. they tended to evade public engagement
[第39題] After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed
[A]. sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
[B]. educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
[C]. jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
[D]. states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
[解析]：在其余四道題的題干和選項中，重復出現(xiàn)的關鍵詞主要有jury (出現(xiàn)8次)，其次是selection (出現(xiàn)4次)、discrimination/antidiscrimination (出現(xiàn)3次)、state (出現(xiàn)3次)，如紅色字體所示。仔細比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，主旨題第40題的四個選項中并不含有上述重復出現(xiàn)的任一關鍵詞。此時，換個角度分析。注意到，有三道題的題干中出現(xiàn)了時間 ( 第37的“prior to 1968”、38題的“in the 1960s”) 或表述時間范疇 (第39題的“after…”)，據(jù)此可直接判斷為，主旨應該與時間有關。而在主旨題的四個選項中，只有選項D (傳統(tǒng)與發(fā)展)最能表述時間范疇，所以D是正確答案�！咎貏e注意：題干中出現(xiàn)的主旨詞是最重要的。優(yōu)先考慮題干中出現(xiàn)的主旨詞。若題干中沒有，再考慮選項中出現(xiàn)的主旨詞】。
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