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2017年職稱(chēng)《英語(yǔ)綜合B》試題及答案(補(bǔ)全短文)
補(bǔ)全短文
Text 1
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information,” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1
A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effets on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2
As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Austrnlia, many in high density residential areas5. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. 4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.
5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.
詞匯: mobile /5mEubail/ adj.移動(dòng)的 circulate /5sE:kjuleit/ v.流傳 electromagnetic /IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk/ adj.電磁的 density /5densiti/ n.密度 transmitter tower發(fā)射塔 disregard /7disri5^B:d/ v.不顧 shield /Fi:ld/ n.隔離屏 accelerate /Ak5selEreit/ v.加速，加快注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. 動(dòng)詞 prove用的是過(guò)去式形式 proved，這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示假設(shè)的用法。
2. Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight …“沒(méi)有人會(huì)在一個(gè)晚上倒地死去……” overnight是副詞，意為“一夜間;一下子;整夜”。如： This stadium was not built overnight.這個(gè)體育場(chǎng)不是一下子建起來(lái)的。 On his way to Europe, John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去歐洲的途中，約翰在芝加哥他父母那兒呆了一個(gè)晚上。
3.介詞 by表示“以……(速的度增加)”。
4.介詞 by表示“到……前”。如： By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report. 到周四上午你應(yīng)該寫(xiě)完實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告。 5. many in high density residential areas 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它省略了 being，即 many (being) in high density
residential areas。此外， many指的是 many transmitter towers。
6. at a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解為 at a rate (that is) more than three times that of adults.意為“以比成人多兩倍的比率……”短語(yǔ)中的 that指代 rate。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法是：“數(shù)字 +times+名詞/that”。如： His salary is three times that of mine. 他的薪水比我多兩倍。 The sales volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999. 2000年冰箱的銷(xiāo)量比 1999年多一倍。練習(xí)：
A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6. B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people. C “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said. D Then who finances the research? E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.
答案與題解：
1. C “空 1”應(yīng)該填入與 low-level radiation有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，例如： low-level radiation究竟有害還是無(wú)害。所以， C是合適的選項(xiàng)。此外，直接引語(yǔ)也佐證了選擇的合理性。
2. B“空 2”前面一句介紹了澳大利亞擁有手機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀。選項(xiàng) B的內(nèi)容是對(duì)到 2000年之前手機(jī)發(fā)展前景的預(yù)測(cè)，內(nèi)容連貫，是正確答案。
3. E 這一段的第一句說(shuō)的是，許多微波發(fā)射搭建在人口稠密的居民區(qū)。選項(xiàng) E的內(nèi)容涉及微波發(fā)射塔的地點(diǎn)選擇只考慮到地理位置，而不顧及社區(qū)的安全。選項(xiàng) E擴(kuò)展了第一句表達(dá)的信息。此外選項(xiàng) E 中出現(xiàn) tower這個(gè)詞，與第一句的 tower相呼應(yīng)，也佐證了選擇的合理性。
4. A “空 4”前面一句說(shuō)的是 Robert Bell建議政府應(yīng)該禁止在兒童比例高的地區(qū)(如學(xué)校操場(chǎng)、兒童醫(yī)療中心、居住小區(qū)等 )的 500米半徑的范圍內(nèi)建造發(fā)射塔。選項(xiàng) A說(shuō)明為什么要這樣做的原因，因而是答案。
5. D “空 5”后面一句說(shuō)的是 major telephone companies出錢(qián)資助研究項(xiàng)目的問(wèn)題，提示了 D是正確答案
Text 2
The World’s Longest Bridge
Rumor has it that1 a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily. 1 When completed in 2010, the world’s longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic — and stretch 5 kilomerers long. “that’s nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built,” says structural engineer Shane Rixon.
2 They’re suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure’s mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,00-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge’s load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. 3 Getting these cables up will be something2. It’s not just their length — totally 5.3 kilometers
— but their weight. 4
After lowering vertical “suspender” cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck — wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons — equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. 5詞匯： legendary /5ledVEndEri/ adj.傳說(shuō)中的 gorge /^C:dV/ n.峽谷 monster /5mCnstE/ n.怪物，妖怪 mammoth /5mAmEW/ adj.巨大的 lurk /lE:k/ v.潛伏 hefty /5hefti/ adj.高強(qiáng)度的 Sicily西西里島(意大南部) sling /sliN/ v.用懸?guī)У鯍? slung，slung) Tyrrhenian Sea第勒尼安海 beefy /5bi:fI/ adj.結(jié)實(shí)的 Messina Strait墨西拿海峽 yank /jANk/ v.拽注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. Rumor has it that：傳說(shuō)小說(shuō)…… Rumor has it that這是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 it是賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句具體說(shuō)明 it的內(nèi)容。
2. something：值得重視的人或事。練習(xí)：
A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds. B What do the world’s longest bridges have in common? C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼嘯而過(guò)) across the Messina Strait Bridge. D They’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere. E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires. F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons — more than-half the bridge’s total mass.
答案與題解：
1. C選項(xiàng) C中有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞 beast，與第一句的 monster相呼應(yīng)。所以， C是正確答案。
2. B 第二段第二句的主語(yǔ)是 They。由于表語(yǔ)是 suspension bridges，They替代的一定是前面句子出現(xiàn)過(guò)的 bridges。六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有 B含有 bridges。填在第三段段首，意思連貫。
3. E“空 3”前面的句子有 the first job這幾個(gè)詞。有 first，必有 second/then。六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 E含有 The second job。所以，E是答案。
4. F “空 4”前面的句子說(shuō)的是，把這些吊索吊高定位是有難度的，不僅僅由于它們很長(zhǎng)，還由于它們很重。 F具體地介紹了它們的重量，應(yīng)該是“空 4”前面的句子的后續(xù)句。
5. D “空 5”前面的句子說(shuō)的是，橋樁很重要。為什么很重要呢? D解釋了橋樁的作用，意義連貫，所以是答案。
Text 3
Reinventing the Table
An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table1 to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia3 says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves.
“I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.
“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge4. 3 4 He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots — one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance. He has also included symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5
詞匯: rejig /r i:dVi^/ n.調(diào)整，重新安排 ion /5aiEn/ n.離子 criss-cross /`krIsEkrCs/ v.交叉 proton /5prEutCn/ n.質(zhì)子 geochemist n.地球化學(xué)家 sulphur /5sQlfE/ n.硫磺 sulphide /5sQlfaid/ n.硫化物 sulphite /5sQlfait/ n.亞硫酸鹽 sulphate /5sQlfeit/ n.硫酸鹽 nutrient /5nju:triEnt/ n.滋養(yǎng)物注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. the periodic table：元素周期表
2. Mendeleev：門(mén)捷列夫
3. the University of Georgia：?jiǎn)讨蝸喆髮W(xué)
4. the University of Cambridge：劍橋大學(xué)練習(xí)：
A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871. B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have. C “I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.” D Railsback has listed some elements more than once. E And the size of element’s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth’s crust. F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.
答案與題解：
1. A 文章是講重新發(fā)明周期表。第一段講了一位地學(xué)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)調(diào)整元素周期表，使得教學(xué)生化學(xué)時(shí)更容易些。接著是第二段。第一句是空白，需要填入。接下來(lái)的一句話(huà)是這么說(shuō)的：?jiǎn)讨蝸喆髮W(xué)的 Bruce Railsback說(shuō)他是第一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性地創(chuàng)作了這樣一個(gè)表的，他突破了傳統(tǒng)，顯示了每個(gè)元素的離子而不只是元素本身。 A的
意思是：自從 1871年門(mén)捷列夫畫(huà)出元素周期表以來(lái)，許多人試圖重新設(shè)計(jì)周期表。“第一個(gè)”這個(gè)信息很重要。按照從一般到具體的行文規(guī)律，前一句話(huà)應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般性的描述。 A符合這個(gè)條件。
2. B 第三段的第一句話(huà)是這么說(shuō)的：“在給地學(xué)學(xué)生們解將元素周期表時(shí)我的手臂都要累壞了，”他說(shuō)時(shí)在空中來(lái)回移動(dòng)他的兩只手，指點(diǎn)傳統(tǒng)周期表中不同的元素。這一句話(huà)是講 Bruce Railsback重新制作元素周期表的原因。從主題發(fā)展來(lái)看，這句話(huà)似乎跟上文連不上，但這是一篇報(bào)道，插入了一些背景信息和其他人的評(píng)論。從第二段的昀后一句話(huà)來(lái)看 B比較合適，因?yàn)槎际侵v元素。 B說(shuō)的是： Railsback仍然按照元素所有的質(zhì)子數(shù)排列元素。注意： D也是講元素。但是 B中有“仍然” (still)這個(gè)詞，它是銜接第二段的昀后一句話(huà)的。
3. C第四段是劍橋大學(xué)的 Albert Galy對(duì) Bruce Railsback重新創(chuàng)造的元素周期表的評(píng)論。評(píng)論常常用原話(huà)。引號(hào)表明 C是原話(huà)。
4. D 第五段需填入主題句。主題句常常是概括性的。從第五段提供的信息來(lái)看，“硫磺” (sulphur)這個(gè)元素在三個(gè)地方出現(xiàn)，因此 D是正確的。 D說(shuō)的是：有些元素 Railsback列了一次以上。
5. E 第六段的第一句講到了符號(hào)。 E也是講符號(hào)，其他的選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有講，因此應(yīng)選 E。
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