定語(yǔ)從句用who whom
引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法 who、 whom 可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 修飾表示人的先行詞,那么,定語(yǔ)從句who whom怎樣用?
1、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1)who,whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2)Whose用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ),若指物,它還可以同ofwhich互換),
例如:
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.
3)which,that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系代詞that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法區(qū)別:
1)不用that的情況
a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)
(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
b)介詞后不能用
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
c)多用who的情況
、訇P(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)
Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.
、谙刃性~為those,people時(shí)
Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.
③先行詞為all,anyone,ones,one指人時(shí)
Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.
、茉赥herebe句型中
Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.
、菰诒环指舻亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中
AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
、拊谟袃蓚(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。
Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.
Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.
2)只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的'情況
a)在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which。
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
b)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thejust修飾時(shí),只用that。
Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.
c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(thelast)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只用that。.
ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwin.
d)先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)。
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.
e)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開始的特殊疑問句時(shí),用that以避免重復(fù)。
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.
f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)
Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.
2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when,where,why,how
關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.
Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.
Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?
I’msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.
注意:
、僭诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中,"介詞+which"結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。
如:Theysetupastatefortheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.
②含有介詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開,介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。
Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewaslookingfor?
3、名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.
Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestofwhichisAsia.
4、as,which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的差別:
由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有'正如'的意思。
Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
用法區(qū)別:
(1)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首,而which不可。
Asweallknow,heneversmokes.
(2)as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。
(3)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)expect,think,suppose等表示猜測(cè)、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。
Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.
(4)As的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),和……一樣……。
Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.
Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.
這個(gè)是復(fù)制來(lái)的,有點(diǎn)多
簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)呢就是who——人,whom——人的賓格(作賓語(yǔ)),that/which——事物
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