定語從句that和which、who(whom)用法
定語從句，一個(gè)簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后（先行詞）進(jìn)行修飾限定，就叫做 定語從句。下面是小編為你帶來的 定語從句that和which、who(whom)用法，歡迎閱讀！
定語從句that和which、who(whom)用法1
that和which的用法區(qū)別:
在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞which和 that都可指物，一般情況下，可以互換使用。但在下列情況下值得注意：
A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞為：all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 與 thing 所組成的復(fù)合單詞時(shí)，只能用that。如：
There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 沒有事情會(huì)阻止我們進(jìn)步。
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。如：
This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 這是我們不能解決的唯一的一個(gè)問題。
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞由形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。如：
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書。
(4) 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)，只能用that。如：
Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人們認(rèn)為我們所熟識的魯迅及其作品都很偉大。
(5) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，只能用that。如：
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 這就是那本自上周以來我一直在尋找的書。
(6) 當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，只能用that。如：
Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天畫的那張畫是哪一張？
B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形
(1) 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which。如：
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那個(gè)鉛筆盒，我上周買的，現(xiàn)在不見了。
(2) 關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which。如：
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我們過去常在下面休息的那棵樹已砍掉了。
(3) 先行詞為代詞that或that所修飾時(shí)，只能用which。如：
I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太貴的那一個(gè)。
who (whom) 和that的用法區(qū)別詳解:
在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情況下，可以互換使用，但在下列情況下值得注意：
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指人時(shí)，只能用who (whom)。如：
My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在國外學(xué)習(xí)，就在圣誕節(jié)前給我寄來了漂亮的禮物。
(2) 當(dāng)定語從句對指人的先行詞進(jìn)行隔位修飾時(shí)，只能用who (whom)。如：
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認(rèn)識黑板前面正在給學(xué)生們講話的那位女孩子嗎？
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時(shí)，只能用who (whom)。如：
Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。
(4) 當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 時(shí)，只能用who (whom)。如：
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。
(5) 先行詞指人，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，一般多用who。如：
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來這兒的那個(gè)人說過幾天他會(huì)再來。
(6) 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who (whom)。如：
There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我們班有些學(xué)生你見過。
(7) 當(dāng)句子中有兩個(gè)指人的現(xiàn)行詞分別帶有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，若一個(gè)定語從句的.引導(dǎo)詞為that, 那么，另一個(gè)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞必定為who。如：
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 剛才你會(huì)到的那個(gè)男孩是李明的剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的弟弟。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如：
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在為我們隊(duì)踢足球的最高哪個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員來自山東。
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如：
He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一個(gè)對老師說“不”的學(xué)生
(3) 當(dāng)主句是以who開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。如：
Who is woman that you talked with just now? 剛才跟你談話的那位婦女是誰？
(4) the same as與the same that
the same as所引導(dǎo)定語從句的內(nèi)容與先行詞同類而不同物；the same that表示所引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容與先行詞同類同物，即：同一事物。如：
She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣)
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著跟我?guī)滋烨八鶃G失的上衣同樣的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丟失的那一件)
定語從句that和which、who(whom)用法2
that常用作關(guān)系代詞，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物時(shí)有的時(shí)候可用which替換that，指人時(shí)可用who替換。但在下列情況下，一般用that。
一、that指代某物事時(shí)
1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)。如：
�。�1）We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我們將盡我們的最大努力來保護(hù)那些瀕危的動(dòng)植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告訴你的話。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以幫你的嗎？
2. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時(shí)。如：
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我們圖書館，你可以借任何你想讀的書。
3. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。如：
�。�5）This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
這是我見過的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修飾時(shí)。如：
�。�6）This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
這恰好是他們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那個(gè)工廠。
�。�7）This is the only painting in this style that we have.
這種風(fēng)格的畫我們僅有一幅。
5. 先行詞是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，既有人又有物時(shí)。如：
（8）He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6. 先行詞前有the same 修飾，表示和先行詞是同一物時(shí)。如：
�。�9）This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
這就是我昨天丟的那個(gè)錢夾。
注：如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物，則用the same…as….如：
�。�10）This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
這個(gè)錢夾和我昨天丟的那個(gè)一樣。
7. 先行詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)。
�。�11）Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧書架上那些書。你可以看到我過生日時(shí)你買的那兩本。
8. 如果which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中又含有一個(gè)定語從句，為避免重復(fù)，第二個(gè)定語從句用that。如：
�。�12）They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他們建了一工廠，生產(chǎn)以前從未見過的東西。
9. 以which作主語開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復(fù)，定語從句用that。如。
�。�13）Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班車？
10. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，而且通常省略。如：
�。�14）My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家鄉(xiāng)再也不是以前那個(gè)樣子了。
11. 關(guān)系代詞在there be 句型中作主語時(shí),而且�？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾�
�。�15）This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
這是有史以來最快的列車。
二、that 指代某人時(shí)。
1. 泛指某人時(shí)。如：
�。�16）He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一個(gè)從未一籌莫展的人。
2. 主句是以作主語的who開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。如：
�。�17）Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我們校長說話的那人是誰？
3. 先行詞前有the same時(shí)。如：
�。�18）This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
這和去年給我們作報(bào)告的是同一人。
4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。如：
�。�19）He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他變了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外，that也可用作關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式，在口語中可以用來代替when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。在以下名詞day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行詞時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：
�。�20）I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的那一天。
�。�21）Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
這就是他們開會(huì)遲到的原因嗎？
�。�22）We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我們想找一個(gè)我們能野餐的地方。
（23）This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
這是我第一次到國外去旅游。
�。ㄗⅲ合刃性~是time,前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí)，常用that引導(dǎo)定語從句或者省略。）
當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時(shí)，可用that引導(dǎo)定語從句, that�？梢允÷�。
（24）I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜歡你和她說話那種方式。
定語從句that和which、who(whom)用法3
高考中常�？疾閛ne和that作為普通代詞的區(qū)別,還常與it進(jìn)行區(qū)別.主要用法如下：
I.it／one ／that三者均可用作代詞,指代前面提到的名詞.一般說來,it指代同名同物; one與that則指代同名異物.
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it.（該句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）
I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one.（one在該句中表泛指,因?yàn)閙y umbrella已經(jīng)丟了）
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.（替代詞that在該句中特指“the umbrella I bought”,以區(qū)別“the umbrella you bought”）
II.one與that雖可用來指代同名異物,但one為泛指,相當(dāng)于a／an＋名詞; that為特指,相當(dāng)于the ＋名詞.所以one所指代的名詞的修飾語一般為 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名詞的修飾語往往是the ／this ／that.
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.（該句中one可以換成a chair）
The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.（該句中that可以換成 the water）
III.one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用ones; that既可以代替不可數(shù)名詞也可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用 those.
I like this pen more than that one.（one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)pen）
There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.（ones代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)people）
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.（that代替不可數(shù)名詞 handwriting）
These pictures are more beautiful than those.（those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) pictures）
IV.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人.有時(shí)可以用the one或the ones代替that或those.
The one ／That on the table is mine.（該句中The one代替事物,并且也可以用That）
He is the teacher,the one who is loved by the students.（該句中the one代替人,不能用that）
He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads,the ones ／those that had the best color.（該句中the ones代替事物,并且也可以用those）
V.one一般有前置修飾語,有時(shí)也可有后置修飾語或不用修飾語.而 that不能有前置修飾語,但可有后置修飾語.
Cook was a strict but good captain,one who took good care of his sailors.
The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.
VI.it可以替代句中的不定式或從句等,充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語.one與that均無此用法.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.
I found it hard to get on with her.
VII.it與that均可以替代上文全句的內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容,而one ／ones則不可以
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