定語從句如何做定語
定語從句如何做定語篇一
一、定語從句中關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致性
定語從句中關(guān)系代詞一般應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持主謂一致。例如：
The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School.
但注意下列一組句子：
He is the only one of the students who was here just now.
He is one of the students who were here just now.
如果"one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞"后跟有定語從句，一般情況下"one of"后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞為先行詞，但當(dāng)one前有the only,the very,just the修飾時(shí)，先行詞則為one。
二、定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
It is the place where they lived before.
It is in the place that they lived before.
第一個(gè)句子為定語從句，where指代the place,在定語從句中作狀語，第二個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)in the place,that沒有意義，把in the place 放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Where is it that he found the lost watch?(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問副詞where)。
Where is the watch that he found yesterday.(定語從句，that指代the watch)
三、定語從句與并列結(jié)構(gòu)
He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him.
He has two sons,and neither of them looks like him.
I've got two sisters.Both of them are in Shanghai.
第一個(gè)句子為定語從句，關(guān)系代詞whom指代two sons,在定語從名中介詞of的賓語。第二個(gè)句子為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，由并列連詞and連接，人稱代詞them指代two sons。第三個(gè)為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，兩個(gè)句子中間用句號(hào)，兩句開頭的處一個(gè)字母都大寫。
四、定語從句與狀語從句
He found the books where he had put.
He found the books in the place where he had put.
第一個(gè)句子為狀語從句，where he had put 作主句He found the books 的地點(diǎn)狀語。第二個(gè)句子為定語從句，where引導(dǎo)從句修飾the place。
This is such an interesting book that I'dlike to read it.
This is such an interesting book as I'd like to read.
第一個(gè)句子為結(jié)果狀語從句，在結(jié)果狀語從句中，it指代book,作read的賓語。第二個(gè)句子為定語從句，關(guān)系代詞as指代先行詞book的定語從句中read的賓語。
五、定語從句中的先行詞
Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?
Is this the book that you bought yesterday?
第一個(gè)句子中，this book是主句的主語，the one 是先行詞。在第二個(gè)句子中this是主句的`主語，the book是先行詞。一定要避免出現(xiàn)：Is this book that you bought yesterday?
六、定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用，而同位語從句則相當(dāng)于名詞，它對(duì)其前面的詞給予說明或作進(jìn)一步解釋，即說明該詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。例如：
The news that we heard is not true.(定語從句)
The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位語從句)
另：在"have no idea+從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中，其從都作idea的同位語。例如：
I have no idea when she will be back.
定語從句如何做定語篇二
給你關(guān)于定語從句的知識(shí)哦 定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有:when, where, why等。
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
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