- 相關(guān)推薦
定語(yǔ)從句如何找先行詞
怎么找出定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞,然后怎么判斷先行詞做什么成份呢?有哪些技巧與方法?下面小來(lái)告訴你定語(yǔ)從句如何找先行詞,歡迎大家分享!
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞
先行詞是被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞、代詞。在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的部分。之所以稱它為先行詞,是因?yàn)樾揎椝亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句總是放在它之后,先行詞總是出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句之前,而不同于普通形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),形容詞位于名詞之前。
把先行詞還原到從句中,就能判斷做什么成份.
如:I will never forget the day when I first went to school.(先行詞是day)
從句=I first went to school on the day.
(on the day 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)=when)
I will never forget the day that was veryecial to me.(先行詞是day)
從句=The day was very special to me
(the day 在從句中作主語(yǔ)=that/which)
修飾定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞有哪些,如何使用
一、關(guān)系代詞(在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ))
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?墒÷躁P(guān)系詞,which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)也可以省略。[eg:this is the book (which)you want。]而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ),注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來(lái)的位置
2. which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
3. 代表物時(shí)多用which,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which,這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時(shí),或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)等,這時(shí)的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)時(shí).以及先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí).還有句中前面有which時(shí),都只能用that
4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人,分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
5. whose是關(guān)系代詞,修飾名詞作定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí), 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣。
二、關(guān)系副詞(在句中作狀語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
1. where是關(guān)系副詞,用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句。
2. when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間〔注〕值得一提的是,表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用when引導(dǎo),有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞,當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
3. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí),常用there is來(lái)引導(dǎo)
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說(shuō)話。
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞例句
例句:This is the book which I am looking for.
它是我正在尋找的書。
其中的“the book”是先行詞,“which”是引導(dǎo)詞。
例句:He is Mr. Robertsonwho comesfromEngland.
他是來(lái)自英國(guó)的羅伯森先生。
其中的“Mr. Robertson”是先行詞,“who”是引導(dǎo)詞。
例句:Was that a singer that sang Xi Yangyang?
那個(gè)唱喜洋洋的歌手是誰(shuí)?
其中的“a singer”是先行詞,“that”是引導(dǎo)詞。
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞關(guān)系
先行詞
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。我們可以這樣認(rèn)為,之所以稱它為先行詞,是因?yàn)樾揎椝亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句總是放在它之后,先行詞總是出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句之前,而不同于普通形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),形容詞位于名詞之前。
Don’t forgetthe bookthat I told you to bring.(“the book”為先行詞)
別忘了把我讓你帶的書帶過(guò)來(lái)。
關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞根據(jù)其在定語(yǔ)從句中的功能可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子一般分為兩層:即主句層(第一層),定語(yǔ)從句層(第二層)。
種類
常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞
常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系副詞
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞位置
當(dāng)代詞 that 用作先行詞后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句通常用關(guān)系代詞which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如:
We have that which we need. 我們需要的東西都有了。
That which I say and do is my own affair. 我說(shuō)什么做什么是我自己的事。
The true cost often differsfromthat which had first been projected. 實(shí)際成本經(jīng)常與最初計(jì)劃的有所不同。
What is that which you have just stuffed into the plastic cup? 你剛才塞在塑料杯里的是什么東西?
They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 據(jù)說(shuō)唯一真實(shí)的知識(shí)是可以檢驗(yàn)的知識(shí)。
但 that which 這一說(shuō)法相當(dāng)正式,在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中通常改用 what。如:
That which (=What) many people say is not always true. 很多人說(shuō)的話并不表示一定是真的。
順便說(shuō)一句,that 后可接定語(yǔ)從句,但 this 后習(xí)慣上不接定語(yǔ)從句。
定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)
(1)The boys who are playing football arefromClass One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),?墒÷。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
4. that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。
在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
(1) He has a friendwhose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
【定語(yǔ)從句如何找先行詞】相關(guān)文章:
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞判斷12-16
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞成分07-24
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞有哪些10-21
如何判定定語(yǔ)從句12-30
如何區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句12-08
定語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞12-13
定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的省略07-01