四六級(jí)短文聽(tīng)力必知的做題技巧
除了長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，短文聽(tīng)力（也叫聽(tīng)力篇章，英文是passages）也是四級(jí)和六級(jí)共有的題型，今天我們就來(lái)談一談短文聽(tīng)力的做題技巧~
一、短文聽(tīng)力的位置
在四六級(jí)試卷中，短文聽(tīng)力的位置如下：
四級(jí)聽(tīng)力的第三部分，Section C，題號(hào)：16-25題，共10題，過(guò)級(jí)建議做對(duì)至少6題。
六級(jí)聽(tīng)力的第二部分：Section B，題號(hào)：9-15題，共7題，過(guò)級(jí)建議做對(duì)至少5題。
二、短文聽(tīng)力的篇幅
從2016年剛剛考過(guò)的聽(tīng)力來(lái)看：四級(jí)短文聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)度在230~260字左右，六級(jí)篇幅為250~280字左右。
實(shí)際上，改革后的四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力比四六級(jí)官方考綱里給到的篇幅都要長(zhǎng)一些。難度是有所上升的。
短文聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)度變長(zhǎng)，聽(tīng)的時(shí)候容易走神，題目靠后，又可能來(lái)不及預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)。備考有哪些技巧能提高做題效率呢？
俗話說(shuō)，知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。先來(lái)看下短文聽(tīng)力的主要特征：
三、短文聽(tīng)力的主要特征
�。�1）信息量大，題材廣泛。
短文長(zhǎng)度一般為250字左右，中間無(wú)停頓。
另外短文的題材廣泛：不僅有日常生活現(xiàn)象介紹分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)和調(diào)查研究、知名人物介紹、故事敘述，還會(huì)涉獵社會(huì)問(wèn)題方面。
如全球升溫，污染，交通，資源，文教等；另外還有一些集知識(shí)性和趣味性為一體的.文章。
（2）句式復(fù)雜。
六級(jí)短文中的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句出現(xiàn)的頻率比四級(jí)的要高，這是短文聽(tīng)力的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。
理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力得靠平時(shí)的練習(xí)和積累，不是靠一時(shí)之功就可以應(yīng)對(duì)自如的。
不過(guò)臨考遇到時(shí)也沒(méi)必要慌張，盡最大努力把握好大意就可以了，不一定會(huì)影響答題。
�。�3）文脈清晰。
幾乎所有的四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力短文都可以按邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)分為：篇首，中間部分，篇尾。
篇首往往會(huì)開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地點(diǎn)明主題，所以一定要靜聽(tīng)，精聽(tīng)，以便把握中心思想。
中間部分具體闡述主題，內(nèi)容豐富，細(xì)致，翔實(shí)，往往是考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)比較集中的部分。
篇尾是對(duì)通篇的總結(jié)。若是敘述類(lèi)短文，則通常是必考部分。
�。�4）考點(diǎn)分布有規(guī)可循。
短文聽(tīng)力的考點(diǎn)分布一般與短文結(jié)構(gòu)相呼應(yīng)。
也就是說(shuō)，為了考察應(yīng)試者對(duì)文章整體脈絡(luò)的掌握，開(kāi)頭部分的內(nèi)容會(huì)設(shè)置一個(gè)考點(diǎn)，中間部分視情況有一至兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)，篇尾處也會(huì)來(lái)一個(gè)考點(diǎn)。
形式為1+1+1=3或是1+2+1=4. （小編：難怪短文聽(tīng)力后的題目不是3個(gè)就是4個(gè)~ ）
那么，知道了短文聽(tīng)力的這些特點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合小編之前推送的聽(tīng)力技巧重磅！聽(tīng)力技巧知道這些就夠了！短文聽(tīng)力so easy！
四、短文聽(tīng)力核心技巧
1、視聽(tīng)基本一致
2、順序答題，首尾句，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等重點(diǎn)詞匯
3、注意語(yǔ)調(diào)變化，升調(diào)（疑問(wèn)句）時(shí)會(huì)出題
4、最高級(jí)會(huì)出題
五、真題示例
下面讓我們以2011年6月六級(jí)考試真題的Passage C 為例，具體問(wèn)題具體分析：
�。ㄆ祝〧lorence Hayes is a journalist for the Green Ville Journal, the daily newspaper in town. Specifically, she covers crime in the Green Ville area.
�。ㄖ虚g部分）This responsibility takes her to many different places every week——the police station, the court and the hospital. Most of the crimes that she writes about fall into two groups: violent crimes and crimes against property. There isn't much violent crime in a small town like Green Ville, or at least not as much as in the large urban areas. But assaults often occur on Friday and Saturday nights, near the bars downtown. There're also one or two rapes on campus every semester. Florence is very interested in this type of crime and tries to write a long article about each one. She expects that this will make women more careful when they walk around Green Ville alone at night.
�。ㄖ虚g部分）Fortunately, there were usually no murders in Green Ville. Crimes against property make up most of Miss Heyes' reporting. They range from minor cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more serious offenses, such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies. But Florence has to report all of these violations from the thief who took typewriters from every unlock room in the dormitory to the thief who stole one million dollars worth of art work from the university museum.
（篇尾）Miss Hayes enjoys working for a newspaper but she sometimes gets unhappy about all the crime she has to report. She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as local news or politics, maybe next year.
首先利用空隙時(shí)間瀏覽選項(xiàng)，推測(cè)文章大概內(nèi)容，注意抓住信號(hào)詞（下劃加粗部分）。
32. What is Florence Hayes' main responsibility as a journalist?
A) Covering major events of the day in the city.
B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.
C) Hunting news for the daily headlines.
D) Writing articles on family violence.
答案：B: Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.
解析：文章開(kāi)篇處明確指出Specifically, she covers crime in the Green Ville area. 把握好這點(diǎn)，這個(gè)題目就解了，應(yīng)選Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville.
注意此處的同意轉(zhuǎn)換：covers crime 相當(dāng)于是reporting criminal offenses 換種說(shuō)法而已。
33. What does the speaker say about security in Greenville?
A) It is a much safer place than it used to be.
B) Rapes rarely occur in the downtown areas.
C) Assaults often happen on school campuses.
D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.
答案：D: It has fewer violent crimes than big cities.
解析：中間部分出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)；本題屬邏輯推斷題。
文中提到：There isn’t much violent crime in a small town like Greenville, or at least not as much as in the large urban areas.
在Greenville這樣的小城，暴力犯罪并不多，至少可以說(shuō)沒(méi)有大城市的犯罪率高。
注意large urban areas也即big cities，屬同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
34. What do we learn about crimes against property in the Greenville area?
A) There are a wide range of cases.
B) They are very destructive.
C) There has been a rise in such crimes
D) They have aroused fear among the residents.
答案：A: There are a wide range of cases.
解析：這也是中間部分出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)；屬推斷總結(jié)題。
原文提到：They range from minor cases of deliberate damaging of things to much more serious offenses, such as car accidents involving drunk drivers or bank robberies.
可推斷在Greenville區(qū)域，財(cái)產(chǎn)侵犯類(lèi)犯罪，作案手段很多，其他選項(xiàng)里的信息文中都未提到。
35. What would Florence Hayes prefer to do?
A) Write about something pleasant.
B) Do some research on local politics.
C) Offer help to crime victims.
D) Work as a newspaper editor.
答案：A. Write about something pleasant.
解析：篇尾出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)；屬細(xì)節(jié)把握題。
文末提到：She would prefer to start writing about something more interesting and less unpleasant such as local news or politics… 她寧愿報(bào)道些趣味性更濃，不那么令人討厭的地方新聞或政治類(lèi)新聞…；
另外文中提到：Miss Hayes enjoys working for a newspaper. 可見(jiàn)她并不討厭記者這個(gè)行當(dāng)，沒(méi)想過(guò)徹底改行。
這篇聽(tīng)力屬于典型的1+2+1=4的出題原則。聽(tīng)題時(shí)注意信號(hào)詞和文章順序，運(yùn)用所聽(tīng)即所得原則，結(jié)合文章意義和選項(xiàng)中意義進(jìn)行對(duì)比推測(cè)，不難得出正確答案。
由此可見(jiàn)，雖然改革后的四六級(jí)短文聽(tīng)力難度有所加大，但如果根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和考點(diǎn)分布的規(guī)律去把握全篇，有重點(diǎn)地記憶，分析信息，那么要拿下它也不成問(wèn)題。
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