英語閱讀要點(diǎn)分析

　　Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.

　　These expenses , however, usually involve the rent of a small office , expenses for stationary, and possibly , the salary of a secretary.

　　He must assume that you have lived in the tropics , have never seen a coat worn or put on, and that he is to tell you verbally how to do it.

　　要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文

　　要點(diǎn)：此句為一個(gè)多層次的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，by 以前的部分為句子的主體部分，由and連接的兩個(gè)并列的分句組成。第二個(gè)分句的主語和一部分謂語省略了以避免重復(fù)。In doing so可以理解為in the process of distinguished themselves from other animals.第二個(gè)分局的完整句子應(yīng)為and in doing so （they have） ensured their survival.By 所引導(dǎo)的短語里ability帶了多個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式做修飾，這些不定式又存在著一個(gè)并列的.結(jié)構(gòu)，to observe and （to） understand與eitheror引導(dǎo)的to adapt to，to control and （to） adapt it得并列，and連接。

　　參考譯文：人類已把自己和其他動(dòng)物區(qū)別開了。人類具有觀察和了解周圍環(huán)境的能力，能適應(yīng)環(huán)境，控制環(huán)境和根據(jù)自己的需要改造環(huán)境。人類就是這樣生存了下來。

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