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英語(yǔ)祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。下面是小編整理的英語(yǔ)祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法,歡迎參考!
祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)
1) 祈使句有兩種類型,一種是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭,在動(dòng)詞原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人稱主語(yǔ)的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定結(jié)構(gòu):
Don't move.
Don't be late.
2) 第二種祈使句以let開(kāi)頭。
Let 的反意疑問(wèn)句
a. Let's 包括說(shuō)話者
Let's have another try,shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b.Let us 不包括說(shuō)話者
Let us have another try,will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定結(jié)構(gòu):
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
如何引用祈使句
祈使句如要引用,多使用一個(gè)不定式,前面的謂語(yǔ)形式根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣決定。如:
“Wake him up,” she said.
→She told me to wake him up.
“See a neurologist,” the doctor said.
→The doctor advised me to see a neurologist.
“Stay where you are and don’t move,” commanded the sergeant.
→The sergeant commanded the man to stay where he was and not to move.
“Carry the trunk upstairs,” Mr. Brown said.
→Mr. Brown ordered the men to carry the trunk upstairs.
能跟這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有:
advise ask beg command forbid instruct invite order,persuade remind teach tell urge warn
祈使句的分類及例句
1.祈使句構(gòu)成方式:動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如:Please buy some bananas for me.請(qǐng)為我買一些香蕉。
2.祈使句否定形式:在動(dòng)詞原形前+Don't。如:Don't look ou of the window.不要向窗外看。
3.祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句用will you/won't you。以let's開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句部分用shall we。以let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句部分用will you/shall we。如:Don't swim here,will you?不要在這游泳,好嗎? Let's go to the zoo,shall we?讓我們?nèi)?dòng)物園吧,好嗎?
4.let引起的祈使句:肯定形式為L(zhǎng)et+sb+動(dòng)詞原形+其他;否定形式為L(zhǎng)et+sb+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他/Don't let+sb+do+其他。如:Let's join the soccer club.讓我們加入足球俱樂(lè)部吧。 Don't let them play with fire.別讓他們玩火。
5.禁止祈使句:No+n./ v.ing。如:No smoking!禁止吸煙!
拓展內(nèi)容:英語(yǔ)祈使句的三種回答
1.Do型(即:動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語(yǔ))+其它成分)。 如:Please have a seat here. 請(qǐng)這邊坐。 有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動(dòng)詞可省略。
2.Be型(即:Be + 表語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。 如:Be a good boy! 要做一個(gè)好孩子!
3.Let型(即:Let + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分)。 如:Let me help you. 讓我來(lái)幫你。
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