高中預(yù)測(cè)英語(yǔ)作文：Unpredictability rules
So regulations today often protect consumers from the mandatory disclosure of predictive tests. But the rules are patchy. In Britain the industry has agreed to a blanket moratorium, renewable every three years, on using predictive genetic information. The sole exception is Huntington’s chorea, where a test of one gene is infallible and has to be disclosed to an insurer for life cover worth more than £500,000 ($662,000). In America the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act bans health insurers (and employers) from using such results, but is silent on other types of insurance. In several countries life insurers may already ask for disclosure of predictive genetic tests for policies over a certain value.
所以今天的規(guī)章制度經(jīng)常保護(hù)消費(fèi)者免于預(yù)測(cè)性檢測(cè)的信息遭到披露。但這些規(guī)則是零散的。英國(guó)的保險(xiǎn)業(yè)同意全面暫停(實(shí)施這些規(guī)則)，基因預(yù)測(cè)信息每三年更新一次。亨廷頓舞蹈病是個(gè)例外，人們能確定其致病基因，而且必須向保險(xiǎn)公司披露相關(guān)測(cè)試信息如果他們想投價(jià)值超過(guò)50萬(wàn)英鎊(66.2萬(wàn)美元)的生命保險(xiǎn)。美國(guó)的.《反基因歧視法》禁止健康保險(xiǎn)公司(和雇主)使用測(cè)試結(jié)果，但未明確提及其它類型的保險(xiǎn)公司。在有些國(guó)家，人壽保險(xiǎn)公司可能已經(jīng)就超過(guò)一定額度的保單要求公開(kāi)預(yù)測(cè)基因測(cè)試的結(jié)果。
But testing is rarely cut-and-dried. Ronnie Klein from the Geneva Association, an insurance-industry think-tank, says that, unlike Huntington’s, most illnesses stem from a number of factors, including lifestyle and environment, and a combination of genes. For example, although the ApoE4 allele increases the risk of Alzheimer’s, many without it still get the disease.
但是測(cè)試很少能一錘定音。日內(nèi)瓦協(xié)會(huì)的羅尼·克萊因是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的一名智庫(kù)，他說(shuō)與亨廷頓舞蹈病不同的是，大多數(shù)疾病源于一系列的事實(shí)，包括生活方式、環(huán)境和血多基因的混成。比如，盡管ApoE4的等位基因增加了患阿爾茨海默氏病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是許多沒(méi)有這個(gè)基因的人也會(huì)患該病。
Some regulators, such as Germany’s, have outlawed direct-to-consumer tests. But nothing stops Germans from ordering from abroad, and, just as it became normal for life insurers to ask for family history, so insurers will surely eventually have access to relevant genetic information. The question will be what they are allowed to do with it. When blood tests for AIDS first appeared, insurers also fretted about adverse selection. Many jurisdictions ruled they could not be used for calculating health premiums, as these were a basic good, but could be used for life policies. As genetic testing spreads, society and insurers may face many similar difficult assessments.
一些監(jiān)管部門，比如德國(guó)的，已經(jīng)宣布直接面向消費(fèi)者的測(cè)試是不合法的。但這不能阻止德國(guó)從國(guó)外采購(gòu)。而且，正如保險(xiǎn)公司詢問(wèn)家族史成為常態(tài)，他們最終一定會(huì)得到關(guān)于基因的信息�，F(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是，在有了這樣的信息之后，他們可以做什么。當(dāng)檢測(cè)艾滋病的血液測(cè)試首次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)公司也曾擔(dān)心過(guò)不利的選擇。許多司法規(guī)定 在計(jì)算健康保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)時(shí)不可以使用它們，因?yàn)樗鼈兪腔旧唐�，但在�?jì)算人壽保險(xiǎn)時(shí)可以。當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的人使用基因檢測(cè)的時(shí)候，社會(huì)和保險(xiǎn)商也許會(huì)遇到許多類似的困難評(píng)估。
【本文作者：徐州七中 彭向梅 。(公眾號(hào)：草根英語(yǔ)行思教)】
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