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定語從句的講解

時間:2021-07-06 17:30:28 英語 我要投稿

定語從句的講解

  定語從句在初中英語中的重要性主要體現(xiàn)在完形、閱讀和寫作中,因此,能否較好的掌握定語從句直接關(guān)系到你英語成績的拔高。下面是小編為大家收集整理的定語從句的講解,歡迎閱讀。

  定語從句基本概念

  在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

  引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

  被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

  定語從句的關(guān)系詞

  引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

  常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose),as 等。

  關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的.重要成分。

  定語從句的分類

  根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。

  1.限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去。例如:

  Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

  任何有責任感的人都不會做這樣的事。

  2.非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。例如:

  The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.

  這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個月買的.

  注意:非限定性定語從句中不能使用關(guān)系代詞 that。

  關(guān)系代詞的用法

  1.that

  that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語,作賓語可省略。例如:

  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

  瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

  我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

  2.which

  which 用于指物,在句中作主語、賓語或表語,作賓語可省略。例如:

  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

  我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

  3.who, whom

  who, whom 用于指人,who 用作主語和表語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

  經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(who 作主語)

  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

  正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(whom 作賓語)

  4.as

 、僖龑(dǎo)限定性定語從句時,指與先行詞相似的人或物,必須用于 such/so...as...或 the same...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中,例如:

  Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.

  被他提到的這樣的人是誠實的。

  Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.

  上學(xué)期我們數(shù)學(xué)老師出了一道我們沒有一個人會的數(shù)學(xué)題。

  This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.

  這是和我昨天買的包一樣的包。

 、谝龑(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時,只能修飾句子,可置于被修飾句子后面、前面或主謂之間,翻譯成“正如...那樣”例如:

  The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.

  As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.

  The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun

 、墼诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句中,which和as引導(dǎo)定語從句時的區(qū)別:

  a. which引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在主句前,而as引導(dǎo)的從句則既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,還可以放在主謂之間。

  b.as和which都可以指代一個句子,但as有“正如”、“就像”之意,which則沒有此含義。

  c.as 引導(dǎo)的非限定定語從句只能修飾句子,which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可以修飾句子,也可以修飾名詞。

  注意:

  1.當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who,whom, that,which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  This is the house in which we lived last year.

  這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

  請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

  2.含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for.

  這就是你要找的那個人。

  3.關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:

 、傧刃性~被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam.

  他是第一個通過考試的人。

  當先行詞指人時,偶爾也可以用關(guān)系代詞who。

  ②被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

  你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

  當先行詞指人時,偶爾也可以用關(guān)系代詞who。

 、巯刃性~被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.

  這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

  注意: 當先行詞指人時,偶爾也可以用關(guān)系代詞who。例如:

  Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

  王華是我們學(xué)校唯一將會出席這個會議的人。

 、芟刃性~里同時含有人或物時,只能用that.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

 、菀詗ho或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying?

  正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

 、拗骶涫莟here be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

  桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

  4.關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

 、傧刃性~為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  What’s that which is under the desk?

  在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

  ②關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,用which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives.

  這是他居住的房間。

 、垡龑(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  Tom came back, which made us happy.

  湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

  5關(guān)系副詞的用法

  1.when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:

  This was the time when he arrived.

  這是他到達的時間。(when=at which)

  2.where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:

  This is the place where he works.

  這是他工作的地點。(where=at /in which)

  3.why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:

  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

  沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。(why=for which)

  【定語從句的練習題】

  1.—Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

  —Yes, he’s our headmaster.

  A. he

  B. who

  C. which

  D. whom

  2. Is this the river _____I can swim?

  A. which

  B. in which

  C. that

  D. the one

  3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

  A. where

  B. which

  C. that

  D. it

  4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

  A. that you bought

  B. you bought it

  C. that you bought it

  D. which you bought it

  5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

  A. which agrees

  B. who agree

  C. who agrees

  D. which agree

  6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

  A. that

  B. it

  C. which

  D.who

  7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

  A. who’s

  B. whose

  C. that of which.

  D. whom

  8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

  A. which; is

  B. whom; was

  C. who; is

  D. who; was

  9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

  A. that

  B. which

  C. where

  D. who

  10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

  A. in that we live

  B. on which we live

  C. where we live in

  D. we live in

  key:

  1-5BBCAC

  6-10 ABCCD

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