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后置定語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間:2022-01-27 14:50:47 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

后置定語(yǔ)從句

  后置定語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中不可或缺的重要語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容之一,而英語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)在構(gòu)成上比漢語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)要更加多樣化,下面是小編整理的什么是英語(yǔ)的后置定語(yǔ),歡迎閱讀。

  后置定語(yǔ)從句1

  什么是英語(yǔ)的后置定語(yǔ)

  定語(yǔ)的位置一般有兩種:用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語(yǔ),用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語(yǔ)。例:This is a very interesting book. 這是一本很有趣的書。一般情況下,修飾名詞或代詞的詞多放在被修飾詞之前,但在以下幾種情況下,修飾名詞或代詞的定語(yǔ)卻放在它們之后,這種定語(yǔ)我們稱之為后置定語(yǔ)。

  英語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)的講解

  一、形容詞作疑問(wèn)詞的后置定語(yǔ)

  修飾疑問(wèn)詞what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how時(shí),修飾語(yǔ)要后置。例如:

  1)What important would you like to talk about?你將談?wù)撌裁粗亓康氖虑?

  2)Who else will go with us?還有誰(shuí)將和我們一起去?

  3)Where new have they decided to visit?他們決定到哪些沒(méi)有去過(guò)的地方參觀?

  二、形容詞作復(fù)合不定代詞的后置定語(yǔ)

  當(dāng)被修飾詞為復(fù)合不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one時(shí),修飾語(yǔ)常位于被修飾的不定代詞之后。例如:

  1)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告訴你。

  2)Do you have anything else to say about it?關(guān)于這件事,你還有什么要說(shuō)的嗎?

  3)Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午,一位重要的`人物將給學(xué)生們做一場(chǎng)有關(guān)當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)的報(bào)告。

  三、enough作后置定語(yǔ)

  enough(a.)修飾名詞時(shí)既可以在名詞前,也可以在名詞后。例如:

  1)We have not enough time(or time enough)to do the job.我們沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間做該工作。

  2)They have enough people(or people enough)to do the experiment.他們有足夠多的人手做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

  但enoush(odv.)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),須位于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。例如:good enough (足夠好的),large enough(夠大的),fast enough(夠快),well enough(相當(dāng)好)。

  四、部分副詞作后置定語(yǔ)

  above(上方的),below(下面的),on(活動(dòng),進(jìn)行,上演),out(外出),back(后面的),away(離開的)等修飾名詞時(shí)位于被修飾詞之后。例如:

  1)The clouds above began to get thicker,上方的云開始密集起來(lái)。

  2)From the hill top we could see the plain below.從山頂上我們可以看到下面的平原。

  3)She went to see them on the evening out.凡她晚上外出總?cè)タ此麄儭?/p>

  五、介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)

  the bird in the tree樹上的那只小鳥

  the map on the wall墻上的地圖

  the development of China中國(guó)的發(fā)展

  the standard of living生活水平

  the south side of the Changjiang river長(zhǎng)江兩岸

  the way to the hotel去旅館的路

  the life in the future未來(lái)的生活

  六、動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)

  1.在某些名型結(jié)構(gòu)中可用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。例如:

  1)I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。

  2)She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的嬰兒。

  3)They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他們吃苦在前,享受在后。

  4)He is a nice man to work with.他是個(gè)好相處的人。

  5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有許多事情要做。

  6)There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有個(gè)重要人物來(lái)我們學(xué)校。

  2.在某些名詞后可用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。例如:ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等等。例句:

  1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干這項(xiàng)工作嗎?

  2)I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.我沒(méi)有勇氣告訴你那個(gè)秘密。

  3)You have no right to do such a thing!你沒(méi)有做這樣的事的權(quán)利!

  4)I'll show you my determination to stop smoking.我將向你們表明我戒煙的決心。

  3.動(dòng)詞不定式有時(shí)可以代替一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句和后置定語(yǔ)。例如:

  (1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come)we will meet again.也許在未來(lái)的歲月中我們還會(huì)再見(jiàn)面。

  (2)In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后來(lái)的講座中,她談到了她的美國(guó)之行。

  (3)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken)on the way.她開了一張要帶在路上用的物品清單。

  另外,動(dòng)詞不定式還可以和關(guān)系代詞which連用作定語(yǔ):

  1)She must have time in which to pack.她必須有時(shí)間收拾行李。

  2)He also had a revolver with which to defend himself.他還有一把防身用的左輪。

  3)He only had long night in which to study.他只有漫漫長(zhǎng)夜可以用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。

  七、分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)

  1.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。例如:

  1)There is a lady asking to see you.有位女士要求見(jiàn)你。

  2)The girl sitting by my side is my cousin.坐在我旁邊的是我表妹。

  3)Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station.這兒有一張地圖,告訴你怎樣去火車站。

  2.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。例如:

  1)What did you think of the play put on by the students?你認(rèn)為學(xué)生們上演的話劇怎么樣?

  2)She is a nurse trained by ourselves.她是我們自己培養(yǎng)的護(hù)士。

  3)What is the language spoken in svain?西班牙使用的是什么語(yǔ)言?

  3.部分過(guò)去分詞也可以作后置定語(yǔ)。例如:

  left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered, wounded, injured, concerned, conducted, done, held, arranged, planned, suggested, finished, completed, arrested, given, fallen, constructed, missed,等等。例如:

  1)Is there anybody injured?有人負(fù)傷嗎?

  2)The money left is not enough for so many people to live through.剩余的錢不夠這么多人用的。

  3)She liked all the courses offered.她對(duì)所開的課程都很喜歡。

  4)The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)將我們很有價(jià)值。

  八、定語(yǔ)從句作后置定語(yǔ)

  1)The girl I saw told me to come back today.

  2)This house, for which he paid $ 150,000,is now worth $3000,000.這所房子他買時(shí)花了15萬(wàn)美元,現(xiàn)在值30萬(wàn)美元。

  3)Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.星期天是假日,這一天人們不上班。 學(xué)習(xí)、理解和掌握英語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ),并能夠清楚地區(qū)分和使用各種后置定語(yǔ)的用法是十分重要的,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),理解英語(yǔ)文章

  后置定語(yǔ)從句2

  一、初識(shí)后置譯法

  英語(yǔ)中很多定語(yǔ)從句都是為了連接兩個(gè)具有共同名詞的句子而存在的,因此在翻譯時(shí)最好分為兩個(gè)分句。而對(duì)于起限定作用的定語(yǔ)從句,如果結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,句子太長(zhǎng),無(wú)法譯成前置定語(yǔ),最好就是譯成一個(gè)后置的并列分句,這樣會(huì)更合乎漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。

  【例】

  Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.

  我們的反恐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是一場(chǎng)意志力的較量。在這場(chǎng)較量中,不屈不撓的精神就是力量。

  I propose to offer a theory which , as far as I am aware , has not previously been set forth , that only those animals capable of speech are capable of laughter , and that therefore man, being the only animal that speaks , is the only animal that laughs.

  我試圖提出一種理論,這種理論就我所知,還未曾有人提出過(guò),那就是:只有能說(shuō)話的動(dòng)物才會(huì)笑。人是唯一能說(shuō)話的動(dòng)物,所以也是唯一會(huì)笑的動(dòng)物。

  二、后置翻譯的方法

  1.后置譯法一

  結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句,經(jīng)常翻譯為后置的并列分句,在多數(shù)情況下要重點(diǎn)的翻譯先行詞,當(dāng)句子不長(zhǎng)時(shí),出于某種原因需要強(qiáng)調(diào)先行詞時(shí),也需要重譯先行詞。

  【例】

  Two factors are particularly important in the history of inventions .One is the part played by inspiration , which can be far more vital than that of careful research.

  在發(fā)明史上有兩個(gè)因素特別重要。其一是靈感的作用,這可能比苦心鉆研的作用要重要的多。

  Days and nights are very long on the moon , where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.

  在月亮上,白天和黑天都相當(dāng)長(zhǎng),月亮上的一天等于地球上的兩周。

  2.后置譯法二

  有些定語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)翻譯成后置成分,但不可重譯先行詞,譯文仍然符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。

  I was contemptuously dismissed as a novice who had not read the great first volume of Marx’s Capital.

  他們輕蔑地說(shuō)我是個(gè)新手,連馬克思的《資本論》第一卷這部重要著作也沒(méi)讀過(guò)。

  Both picnics and barbeques are friendly , informal social events that offer an opportunity to enjoy a meal outside in pleasant surroundings.

  野餐和燒烤都是友情洋溢、不拘禮節(jié)的社交活動(dòng),可以讓大家在戶外一個(gè)怡情的環(huán)境里高高興興地美餐一頓。

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