定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)
定語(yǔ)從句（也稱(chēng)關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句），是指一類(lèi)由關(guān)系詞（英語(yǔ)：relative word）引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)從句的句法功能多是做定語(yǔ)，所以曾被稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句（英語(yǔ)：attributive clause），這類(lèi)從句除了可以做定語(yǔ)之外，還可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)等其他成分，所以現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)。下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)，僅供參考，希望能夠幫到大家。
1. that 與which 在指代物時(shí)的用法區(qū)別
that 和which都可以引導(dǎo)先行詞為物的定語(yǔ)從句，但是用法有區(qū)別：
�、� 只能用that的五種情況
a. 先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞由不定代詞修飾時(shí)
b. 先行詞前有最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
c. 先行詞即有人又有物時(shí)
d. 先行詞前有the very, the only修飾時(shí)
e. 主句為which,或who 引導(dǎo)的.特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)
�、� 只能用which的兩種情況
a. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中
b. 介詞之后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)
2.which與as的區(qū)別
as 和which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，三種情況下只能用as，不能用which
a. as置于句首引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)(As we know,…)
b. as 含有“正如”之意(…as we expected)
c. 先行詞前有such, the same 修飾時(shí)(…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.)
3. who、whom、that 的區(qū)別
a.先行詞為those或people 時(shí)，常用關(guān)系代詞who,不用that
b.介詞之后用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
4. whose 用法
whose+n. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成是the+n.+of+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或者可以換成是of which +the+n.
e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
whose hands / of which the hands
5. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
a. 介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which(先行詞為物)或者是whom(先行詞為人)
b. 介詞的選擇方法有三個(gè)原則：一“先”二“動(dòng)”三“意義”
I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行詞為pen,使用鋼筆用with)
This is the house in which he lives. (定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞live為不及物動(dòng)詞)
The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根據(jù)句意決定)
6. 先行詞為way時(shí)
先行詞為way，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that，in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可以省略關(guān)系詞。
e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.
7. 關(guān)系副詞when、where、when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的具體用法
① 先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因時(shí)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，選擇相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。若其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則選擇關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別三組例句：
where he lives.
a. This is the place
that/which he visited last year.
when my brother was a little boy.
b. I still remember the time
that/which we spent together.
why he was late.
c. This is the reason
that/which he gave us.
�、谀承┓堑攸c(diǎn)時(shí)間名詞有定語(yǔ)從句修飾，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，由where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(stage, case, point, situation);同樣用法的還有occasion,由when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.
There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.
8. 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。
e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand.
Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand.
This is one of the students who have passed the exam.
This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
9. 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和其他句型
�、賲^(qū)別于簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句
Most of whom are boys. (定語(yǔ)從句)
There are 70students in our class , and most of them are boys. (并列句)
Most of them are boys. (簡(jiǎn)單句)
�、趨^(qū)別于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is in the factory that he works. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
It is the factory where he works. (定語(yǔ)從句)
It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held.
(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the classroom)
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為介詞短句in the classroom)
③區(qū)別于同位語(yǔ)從句
that she had passed the exam (同位語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)名詞解釋說(shuō)明)
The news excited us.
that he told us (定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)名詞修飾限定)
�、軈^(qū)別于狀語(yǔ)從句
Do you know the time when the class is over? (定語(yǔ)從句，有先行詞)
Let’s play games when the class is over.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)先行詞)
Put the book where it belongs. (地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)先行詞)
10. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞不可省略。
This is the house which he lives in. (√)
This is the house he lives in. (√)
This is the house in which he lives. (√)
This is the house in he lives. (×)
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