定語(yǔ)從句用法英語(yǔ)

　　在英語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)從句的用法是怎樣的呢？以下是小編收集的相關(guān)信息，僅供大家閱讀參考!

　　在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。

　　1.由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，who用作主語(yǔ)，如：This is the boy who often helps me.

　　2.由whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

　　3.由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，whose用作定語(yǔ)，如：Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

　　4.由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，which用作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：

　　The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.

　　The river which is in front of my house is very clean.

　　This is the pen which you want.

　　注意：

　　(1)whom,which用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可放在whom、which之前，也可放在從句原來(lái)的位置上；但在含有介詞的'動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of.

　　(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，必須用關(guān)系代詞which，不用that,如：I have lost

　　my bag,which I like very much.

　　(3)關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。

　　5.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，that可以指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ)，如：

　　The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

　　注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　(1)先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等，如：

　　All that we have to do is to practise English.

　　(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，如

　　The first letter that I got from him will be kept.

　　(3)先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾，如

　　I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.

　　(4)先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí)如

　　He is the only person that I want to talk with.

　　(5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，如:

　　They talked about persons and things that they met.

　　(6)當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，如：Who is the man that is giving us the

　　class?

　　6.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，如:

　　I don't know the reason why he was late.

　　This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

　　I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

　　注意：先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的，就用that(which)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物的，就用where引導(dǎo)。This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

　　7.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

　　(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,of which等，這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。

　　(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有這種從句，不影響主句意思的完整，一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)，關(guān)系代詞用which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,如：I have two brothers,who are both students.

　　8．如何簡(jiǎn)化定語(yǔ)從句

　�。�1）.定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。如:

　　My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.

　　→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在離這兒很遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村子。

　　This is a book that is worth reading.

　　→This is a book worth reading.這是一本值得看的書(shū)。

　�。�2）定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作前置或后置定語(yǔ)。

　　The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.

　　→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.

　　站在樹(shù)下面的那個(gè)人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。

　　I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.

　　當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那房子在燃燒。

　�。�3）定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.我喜歡看張藝謀導(dǎo)演的電影。

　　She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting.她就是在校會(huì)上受表彰的那個(gè)女孩。

　　（4）定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。

　　He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他總是第一個(gè)到校。

　　The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的報(bào)告對(duì)我們很重要。

　　（5）定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為what從句。

　　I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.

　　我記不得他說(shuō)的話(huà)。

　　【典型例題解析】

　　例1 The second book ______I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.

　　A.which B.what C.that D.as

　　解析先行詞book被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選C。

　　例2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.

　　A.when B.in which C.that D.for which

　　解析本題指時(shí)間，故選A。

　　例3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.

　　A.you need B.what you need

　　C.which you need it D.that you need it

　　解析B、C、D中的what和it與先行The book相抵觸，故選A。

　　例4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.

　　A.that B.which C.where D.when

　　解析本題指地點(diǎn)，故選C。

　　例5 I'm one of the boys _________ never late for school.

　　A.that is B.who are C.who am D.who is

　　解析本題中who用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞the boys保持一致，故選B。

　　【選講例題】

　　例6 Her sister,______ you met at my home,was a teacher of English.

　　A.whom B.that C.which D.who is

　　解析非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞用which,不用that,但指人時(shí)用who或whom.故選A。

　　例7 These book are for students _____ mother language is not English.

　　A.of whom B.that C.which D.whose

　　解析whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,whose用作定語(yǔ)，故選D。

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