介詞定語(yǔ)從句

　　定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。下面是小編為大家?guī)��?lái)的介詞定語(yǔ)從句!

　　一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法

　　當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞+whom”;如果指“物”，用“介詞+which”。例如：

　　Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?

　　Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?

　　使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(一)選用介詞的'依據(jù)：

　　(1) 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語(yǔ))。例如：

　　Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.

　　(2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語(yǔ))。例如：

　　The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.

　　(3) 根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)選擇。例如：

　　The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.

　　(4) 表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，通常用介詞of。例如：

　　I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.

　　(二)在定語(yǔ)從句中，含介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可拆開使用(短語(yǔ)拆開后含義發(fā)生變化)，如look after, look for等。例如：

　　The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)

　　The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(誤)

　　(三)“of which / whom”有時(shí)可以用“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)改寫。例如：

　　The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.

　　=The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.

　　(四)當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(in which或that可省略);如果定語(yǔ)從句中不缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。例如：

　　All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.

　　I don’t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.

　　(五)in that不可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

　　She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.

　　二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)化

　　(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。例如：

　　I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

　　=I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

　　(2) 當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞when。例如：

　　We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.

　　=We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.

　　(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用for which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。例如：

　　Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?

　　=Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?

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