定語從句語法講解
“定語從句（也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句），是指一類由關(guān)系詞（英語：relative word）引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語，所以曾被稱為定語從句，下面小編為大家?guī)淼亩ㄕZ從句語法講解！
一、 知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理
充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，由一定的連接詞引導(dǎo)，連接詞稱為關(guān)系代詞(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)
1、 限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句
起對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定、區(qū)分的作用。若去掉易產(chǎn)生歧義或使主句意義不明確。(此類定語從句前后沒有逗號(hào))
【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我媽媽給我買的裙子很漂亮。
�、品窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句
與先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松散，只對(duì)先行詞起說明和描述的作用。若省去，剩余部分意義仍然完整，表達(dá)清楚。(此類定語從句前后用逗號(hào)隔開)
【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are very
marvelous.
你的作品人人欣賞，實(shí)在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great
writer.
莎士比亞是個(gè)偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。
�、悄承┣闆r下，一個(gè)定語從句既可以作限定性定語從句，又可以作為非限定性定語從句，但二者含義有差別。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.
這里有十輛中國(guó)制造的車。 (這里可能還有其他的車) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 這里有十輛車，它們都是中國(guó)制造的。 (這里只有十輛車)
�、萾hat和why一般不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，其他引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。
⑴限定性定語從句
【eg】My elder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad. 我的哥哥在國(guó)外工作，他是一個(gè)工程師。
Last year , I visited Quanzhou , which is a beautiful cityin Fujian Province.
去年我游覽了泉州，它是福建省一個(gè)漂亮的城市。
�、舧hich和that指物
① which和that引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句表事物，可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語。當(dāng)他們?cè)谫e語從句中做賓語時(shí)，that和which�？梢允÷�。
【eg】We must respect the custom here that has existed forhundreds of years.
我們必須尊重這里存在了數(shù)百年的習(xí)俗。 (做主語) This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.
這就是我想買的那本書。 (做buy的賓語) 多數(shù)情況下，that和which 可以通用。
② 在下列幾種情況下，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞多用that，不用或少用which。
a 先行詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或the only , the very , the last等表絕對(duì)意義的詞作修飾語。
【eg】This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.
這是世界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹。
The only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps.
他唯一感興趣的事就是集郵。
b 先行詞為不定代詞(anything , nothing , everything)或被little , few , much, any , no等修飾
【eg】All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.
他唱的所有的歌在這兒都很流行。
Everything that should be done has been done..
一切應(yīng)該做的事情都已經(jīng)做了。
若先行詞是something，定語從句用 that 和 which 都可以。 c 先行詞既包括人又包括物
【eg】They talked of people and things ( that ) they rememberedin England.
他們談起了記憶中在英國(guó)的人和事。
d 當(dāng)句中已有wh–疑問句，有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，用 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句而不用which。
�、� 在下列幾種情況下，一般使用which引導(dǎo)定語從句而不用that. a 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。
【eg】China , which is the third largest country in the world ,is playing an important part in the world affairs. 中國(guó)是世界上第三大國(guó)家，它在國(guó)際事務(wù)中起著重要的作用。 b that和which 在從句中作介詞的賓語。
介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關(guān)系代詞前面。
介詞放在句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that 和which ，也可省略。
介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用which 不能用that ，且which 不可省。
【eg】A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles areopened with.
=A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are opened. 開瓶器是一種用來開啟瓶子的工具。
c 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語。
【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which ,as I have told you , made me very glad.
我已經(jīng)收到你的婚禮請(qǐng)柬。這個(gè)邀請(qǐng)，正如我所告訴你的，使我感到萬分榮幸。
d 若先行詞是that，則用 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。(that which的結(jié)構(gòu)通常出現(xiàn)在諺語中)
【eg】That which is evil is soon learned.
壞事易學(xué)。
�、� 先行詞是way時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有三種形式:in which / that或不用引導(dǎo)詞。
【eg】The way he speaks is unique.
=The way that he speaks is unique.
=The way in which he speaks is unique.
他說話的方式很奇特。
�、苭ho,whom 和that指人。
�、� who和that在從句中既可做主語又可做賓語
whom 在從句中只可用做賓語。
當(dāng)who , whom和that在從句中做賓語時(shí)，可以省略。
【eg】Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over
there?
你認(rèn)識(shí)在那邊和John說話的那個(gè)女孩嗎?
The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher.
剛才和你說話的那個(gè)是我們的老師。
�、� who , whom , that在從句中都可作介詞的賓語。
介詞可位于句末也可提到關(guān)系代詞前。
介詞位于句末時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who , whom或that，也可省略。 介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用whom不能用that和who，并且whom不可省。
(注意與2/⑴/③/b類比)
【eg】The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher.
=The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher. 剛才和你說話的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。
�、� whose指人或指物，充當(dāng)名詞的修飾語，表示所屬關(guān)系。
“whose+名詞”=“名詞+ of which”二者意思相同，可互換。
【eg】Look at the house whose windows are round.
=Look at the house the windows of which are round. 看那座窗戶是圓形的房子。
�、� as引導(dǎo)的.定語從句
�、� 先行詞有such 或the same 修飾，或者在as/so as 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，都可用as
做關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。
【eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.
我想買一支和你用的那支一樣的筆。
He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. 他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語。
當(dāng)the same修飾先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞既可以用as也可用that。
區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個(gè)。
as既可以表示“同一個(gè)”又可以表示“同類”。
【eg】This is the same book that I have lost.
這就是我丟失的那本書。
This is the same book as I have lost.
這本書和我丟失的那本一模一樣。
② as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。
as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,修飾的是前面的整個(gè)句子。
which 也有這種用法,兩者在大部分情況下可互換。
【eg】She has just cried , as / which I could see from her swollen eyes.
她剛剛哭過，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。
As is known to all , China is the third largest country in the world.
眾所周知，中國(guó)是世界上第三大繁榮國(guó)家。
which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句和引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別： a which從句只能放在句末，而as從句可位于句首、句中、句末。
【eg】Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer. 眾所周知，馬克吐溫是一位偉大的作家。
b 當(dāng)主句是否定句時(shí)，as不能用 which 來替換。as從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義。
【eg】Spiders are not insects , as many people think. 蜘蛛并非像許多人所想的那樣是昆蟲。
3、 關(guān)系副詞when , where , why的使用
關(guān)系副詞where , when , why在從句中分別做地點(diǎn)狀語、時(shí)間狀語和原因狀語。他們經(jīng)�？梢杂谩敖樵~+ which ”來替代
�、舧hen可替換為 on / at / in / during + which , 在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語。
【eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met. 我還記得我們初次見面的那一天。
Do you still remember the summer vacation when / duringwhich we visited a lot of places in Beijing?
你還記得我們?cè)诒本┯斡[了很多地方的那個(gè)暑假嗎?
�、� where可替換為 at / in / to + which ，在定語從句中跟在表地點(diǎn)的名詞后面做地點(diǎn)狀語。
【eg】That is the school where / at which I used to study. 那就是我過去學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校。
Think of a place where / to which we can go for a swim. 想一個(gè)我們可以去游泳的地方。
�、� why 可替換為for which ，引導(dǎo)先行詞為reason的定語從句，表示原因。
【eg】This is the reason why / for which he was late. 這就是他遲到的原因。
⑷ 關(guān)系副詞when , where , why 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)一般可用that替換，也可省略。
【eg】She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )she gets up in the morning till the time ( when / that ) she goes to bed.
她總是很忙，從早上起床一直到上床睡覺，她都在工作。 That is the place ( where / that ) I went before.
那就是我們從前去過的地方。
Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he left the company? 你知道他離開公司的原因嗎?
二、 例題
1、( )The flood overflowed the riverbanks , ______ frequently happened in that area.
A as it B which C it D such
2、( )This is the best novel ______ we have read in recent years.
A which B that C as D so
3、( )All ______ is a large sum of money.
A what is needed B that is needed
C the thing needed D for their needs
4、( )Read the text a second time and you will probably know what the principle ______ a hovercraft works.
A is on that B has on which
C is on which D on which
5、( )The way ______ he gives his performances is appreciated by his fans. Which of the followings is wrong?
A / B which C in which D that
6、( )My assistant , ______ carefully read through the instructions before doing the experiment , did not get satisfactory results.
A who thought B even who
C who had D who having
7、( )In the dark streets , there was not a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A that B who C from whom D to whom
8、( )The neighbourhood factory , ______ workers are all women , turns out toys
of fine quality.
A there B which C whose D when
9、( )He is such an outstanding leader ______ is loved by the people throughout the country.
A as B that C which D who
10、( )The can opener is easy to handle , ______ is shown in the picture.
A as it B as C that D since
11、( )Everything was quite all right ______ one day ______ she got into trouble.
A not until ; when B until ; before
C not until ; before D until ; when
12、( )A fast food restaurant is the place ______ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly.
A which B where C there D what
13、( )The plane was delayed , ______ was that the weather was terrible.
A the reason why B the reason for it
C the reason of it D the reason for which
14、( )Do not let the child who is ______ swim in rivers.
A not old enough B too young to
C not old enough to D young enough to
15、( )I think you have got to the point ______ ,a change is needed , otherwise you will fail.
A when B that C where D which
三、鞏固練習(xí)
1、( )Is this university ______ they paid a visit to last month?
A which B where C the one D which you
2、( )I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the village.
A / B when C what D how
3、( ) ______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A Which B As C That D It
4、( )I was late for school this morning because of the traffic jam ______ I was caught.
A which B where C in which D when
5、( )Has everything ______ can be done ______ done?
A / ; / B / ; been C that ; been D that ; be
6、( )Can you find me something ______ ?
A to open the tin B that I can open the tin
C I can open the tin with D by which to open the tin
7、( )Water dissolves a part of nearly everything ______ it comes in contact.
A where B with which C that D as soon as
8、( )The size of the audience , ______ we had expected , was well over 500.
A whom B that C who D as
9、( )The shop assistant I spoke ______ nothing.
A to say B to said C said D tell
10、( )When the mid-term exam was over , I went fishing - ______ I had not done for weeks.
A anything B everything C nothing D something
11、( )Tigers live in forests , ______ there are plenty of other animals for them to hunt for food.
A when B if C as D where
12、( )I am going to buy the same bicycle ______ you are using now.
A that B which C as D like
13、( )This is the same watch ______ I lost.
A which B as C that D but
14、( )-How far apart do they live?______ I know ,they live in the same neighbourhood.
A As long as B As far as C As well as D As often as
15、( )Yesterday I bought a Chinese painting ______ was very reasonable.
A which price B the price of whichC its price D the price of whose
key:
1~5 BBBCB 6~10 CDCAB 11~15 DBDAC 鞏固1~5 CABCC 6~10 CBDBD 11~15 DCCBB
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