定語從句中that的用法
定語從句中that的用法
1. 不用that的情況
(1) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。
(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(2) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2. 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
(1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(2) 在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which。
(3) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時,只用that。
(4) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that,不能用which。.
(5) 先行詞既有人,又有物時。
(6) 先行詞指物,在主句中作表語時.
(7) 為了避免重復(fù).
(8) 先行詞是the way或the reason時,that可作關(guān)系副詞,也可省略
(9) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時
定語從句中的that和which用法區(qū)別
that和which在從句里都可以做賓語和主語,做賓語時可以省略。在定語從句中,有種說法叫"關(guān)賓省",意思是關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語可以省略,不管是that,which,還是whom。但是which能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,that則不行。
記得以下只能用that的`幾種情況:
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時。
如:
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
有關(guān)此事,凡是你所知道的請告訴我。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時。
如:You can take any seat that is free.
任何空著的座位你都可以坐。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。
如:
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.
這是我們校本學(xué)期放映的第四部電影。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
如:
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.
這是我讀過的一本最有趣的故事書。
5. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時。
如:
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
我們唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意:先行詞被the same修飾時,關(guān)系代詞也可用as。
如:I need the same book that / as you have.
我需要有你一樣的書。
6. 當(dāng)先行詞既包含人又包含物時。
如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他們正在談?wù)撍麄兏信d趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。
7. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問代詞who,which,what或主句以這些詞開頭時。
如:
Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?
曾經(jīng)和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他?
8. 當(dāng)先行詞為主句表語或關(guān)系代詞為從句表語時。
如:
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.
我們的學(xué)校現(xiàn)在已不是過去的那個樣子了。
9. 先行詞為time時,當(dāng)time表示次數(shù),引導(dǎo)詞用that, 可省略。 當(dāng)表示時間,可用that或when引導(dǎo),都可省略。
如:
I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month.
我不記得上個月到達上海的確切時間了。
請注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:
1. 在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞必須用which。
如:
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。
注意: 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首, which就可換為that,例如:
This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。
2. 先行詞為“those+表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時, 關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。
如:You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
你應(yīng)該掌握好這些可以用到未來工作中的技能。
最后,記得這個特殊情況吧:當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時,可以用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,相當(dāng)于介詞+which,that可以省略。
如:
He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.
他不喜歡她對他的母親那樣說話。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.
很難想象,他開車開得那么快。
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