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動(dòng)詞ing做定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句(也稱(chēng)關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類(lèi)由關(guān)系詞(relative word)引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)從句的句法功能多是做定語(yǔ),所以曾被稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句(attributive clause),這類(lèi)從句除了可以做定語(yǔ)之外,還可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)等其他成分,所以現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)。下面是小編精心整理的動(dòng)詞ing做定語(yǔ)從句,歡迎閱讀與收藏。
動(dòng)詞ing做定語(yǔ)從句
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式既包括動(dòng)名詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞,在英語(yǔ)中使用極其廣泛,同時(shí)也是高考中的重要考點(diǎn),因此要求每位高中學(xué)生對(duì)其都應(yīng)清楚了解并正確運(yùn)用。下面就動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句中做定語(yǔ)總結(jié)如下:
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)在句中通常有兩個(gè)位置,如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語(yǔ);如果是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語(yǔ)。如:
1.He is an attacking player.他是一個(gè)攻擊型的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問(wèn)題。
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道來(lái)參加晚會(huì)的人數(shù)嗎?
注意:當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。如:
1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位寫(xiě)小說(shuō)的青年昨天來(lái)向我們作報(bào)告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。
-ing形式做定語(yǔ)通常從以下三方面考查,即:
1)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的性質(zhì),特征或用途。如:
1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)架設(shè)在一座小廟里。
2.He may be in the reading room,for all I know.他說(shuō)不定在閱覽室里。
3.Ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.女士們先生們,請(qǐng)去會(huì)議室等待。
2)與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大約二百個(gè)孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
正在和我們英語(yǔ)老師談話的那位婦女是誰(shuí)?
3)有些-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞,常做定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾物,表示“令人……”。常用的此類(lèi)詞有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如:
1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那準(zhǔn)時(shí)一段可怕的經(jīng)歷。
2.The experiment was an amazing success.那項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是一個(gè)驚人的成功。
3.There is a page missing from this book.
除了-ing形式能做定語(yǔ)外,如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,就用它的被動(dòng)式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定語(yǔ)。如:
1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。
2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被討論的問(wèn)題是被校長(zhǎng)提出的。
-ing形式做定語(yǔ)專(zhuān)練
1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.
A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain
C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars.
2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.
A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover
3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school,most _____ were from Germany.
A.study;of whom B.study;of them
C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom
4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.
A.to be discussing B.to discuss
C.been discussed D.being discussed
5.Chinais a_____country______to the third world.
A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging
C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged
6.---Who is the man______to the teacher?
---A model worker_____our school.
A.talks,visits B.is talking;is visiting
C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited
7.How many of us________,say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion?
A.attend B.attending C.to attend D.have attended
8.The flowers_____sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
答案:D A D D B C B B
什么叫做定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞+ ing形式。
1.-ed做定語(yǔ):被-ed修飾的先行詞做從句的賓語(yǔ),是被動(dòng)態(tài)的.
2.-ing做定語(yǔ):被-ing修飾的先行詞做從句的主語(yǔ)
【用法】
1.-ed做定語(yǔ):-ed,一般是及物動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)一般表示人的感受,含義為“(某人)感覺(jué)……”.
The catdrawnby the boywas very lovely.
男孩畫(huà)的貓非?蓯(ài)。(表被動(dòng))
The ground was coveredfallenleaves.
地上覆蓋著落葉。
2.-ing做定語(yǔ):一般動(dòng)詞的-ing做形容詞,這個(gè)動(dòng)詞一般是不及物動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)一般表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征,含義為“令人……”.
Taking exerciseis beneficial to our health.
鍛煉對(duì)我們的健康有益。
She suggestedgoing shoppingthis Sunday.
她建議這個(gè)星期天去購(gòu)物。
動(dòng)詞-ing的意義及基本用法
。ㄒ唬﹦(dòng)詞-ing作定語(yǔ)
表用途、性質(zhì)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;分前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。如:
awashingcloset(一個(gè)洗手間)aswimmingpool(一個(gè)游泳池)
awashingmachine(一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī))awalkingstick(一根拐杖)
aflyingbird(一只正在飛翔的鳥(niǎo)兒)asmilinggirl(一個(gè)微笑的女孩)
arunningcat(一只奔跑的貓)asingingboy(一個(gè)在唱歌的男孩)
例句:
Who’s the childsleeping in the classroom?
正在教室里睡覺(jué)的孩子是誰(shuí)?(sleeping in the classroom作后置定語(yǔ))
The studentcookingsupperwon the first prize.
那名正在做晚飯的學(xué)生贏得了一等獎(jiǎng)。(cooking supper作后置定語(yǔ))
【溫馨提示】
1.一般而言,單個(gè)的-ing單詞作前置定語(yǔ);-ing短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。
例句:
Therunningboy is fond of helping others.
那個(gè)跑步的男孩喜歡幫助人。
The boyrunning in the parkis fond of helpingothers.
那個(gè)正在公園里跑步的男孩喜歡幫助人。
2.可以將作定語(yǔ)的-ing轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,如:
Thegirlrepairing thecomputeris good at physics.
那個(gè)正在修理電腦的女生擅長(zhǎng)于物理。
= Thegirlwho is repairing the computeris good at physics.
。ǘ﹦(dòng)詞-ing作狀語(yǔ)(表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式、伴隨、讓步等)
例如:
Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.
聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,她禁不住哭起來(lái)。(作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ))
Following him, you’ll form many bad habits.
跟著他,你會(huì)形成很多壞習(xí)慣的。(作條件狀語(yǔ))
Looking atthose pictures, she remembered her childhood.
看著那些照片,她想起了自己的童年。(作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ))
Staying outside the circle, he was still injured.
待在圈子外,他還是受傷了。(作讓步狀語(yǔ))
They sat on the grassland,singing together.
他們坐在草地上,一起唱著歌。(作伴隨狀語(yǔ))
In the factory, the workers have to workstanding.
在工廠里,工人們不得不站著工作。(作方式狀語(yǔ))
Peter had studiedhard for three months,passingthe exam.
彼得努力了三個(gè)月,通過(guò)了考試。(作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
They looked at each other,feeling every excited.
他們看著對(duì)方,感覺(jué)非常激動(dòng)。(作伴隨狀語(yǔ))
【溫馨提示】
1.-ing作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般位于句首;其它狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末。
Being ill, he didn’t come to work.因?yàn)樯×,他沒(méi)有來(lái)上班。
She went to the school three times, meeting the teacher.
她去了學(xué)校三次,(結(jié)果)終于見(jiàn)到了老師。
但是這個(gè)位置只是相對(duì)的,如:
Tom was caught stealing something in the shop.
湯姆在商店里偷東西時(shí)被抓住了。
2.-ing作時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以和相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換。如:
Working harder, you will catch up with your classmates.
=If you work harder, you will catch up with your classmates.
努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)趕上你的同學(xué)們的。
(相當(dāng)于Work harderandyou will catch up with your classmates. )
(三)動(dòng)詞-ing作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)
We shouldn’tleave the waterrunning.
我們不應(yīng)該要讓水一直流著。(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
I saw himwriting ashortstoryin his study.
我看見(jiàn)他正在書(shū)房里寫(xiě)一個(gè)短故事。(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
They were heardplaying the pianoin the next room.
有人聽(tīng)到他們正在隔壁房間彈鋼琴。(作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
●動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
例如:
The villagers watched the traindisappearingin the distance.
村民們看著火車(chē)漸漸消失在遠(yuǎn)方。
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