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過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法
過(guò)去分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示完成和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成份。下面是小編整理的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)有前置和后置兩種情況。
1、前置定語(yǔ)
單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,表示被動(dòng)和完成意義。
A類:被動(dòng)意義:
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照料。
B類:完成意義:
a retired teacher 一位退休的教師
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他們正在打掃院子里的落葉。
2、后置定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在被修飾的名詞之后,它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written)。
這將是這類小說(shuō)中寫得最好的。
Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀請(qǐng)參加你的晚會(huì)的那些所謂的客人是誰(shuí)呀?
二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞主要來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞,在主-系-表句型中,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)。其中系動(dòng)詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。如:
You seem frightened.
你看樣子受了驚嚇。
少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞(如go, come, set)的過(guò)去分詞也能作表語(yǔ),但它們不表示被動(dòng)意義,只是表示動(dòng)作完成。如:
They are gone for vacation.
他們度假去了。
注意:要區(qū)別“系動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞(系表結(jié)構(gòu))” 和 “系動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))”。如:
A. The library is now closed.
圖書(shū)館現(xiàn)在關(guān)門了。
B. The library is closed at six.
圖書(shū)館經(jīng)常在六點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。
說(shuō)明:作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞前可加上quite, very, rather等修飾詞。系動(dòng)詞可有多種,表示不同的意義;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。因此,我們不難看出在上面兩句中,A句是系表結(jié)構(gòu),B句是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited
2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993)
A. open B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. (北京2002)
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.
。ㄉ虾2002)
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
答案: 1-5 ADCBD
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