定語從句難點分析
定語從句一個重要語法內(nèi)容,我們來看看應該怎么學習!
定語從句難點分析
首先要理解定語從句的概念——修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句?磦例子:she is the girl (whom) I met at the party.
從定義我們得出
1) 從句是跟在名詞或代詞之后的,并起修飾作用。
2)從句部分須缺成分,所缺的成分由先行詞充當。分析先行詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞謥泶_定用關系代詞還是關系副詞。
例句中先行詞返回從句應為:I metthe girlat the party.
The girl在從句中作賓語,因此用關系代詞whom或省略。
咱們在來分析一個句子:I will never forget the day ____ I went to university
先行詞the day返回從句應為:I went to universityon the day.The day在從句中作時間狀語,因此用when或on which.
再來看一下幾種定語從句中的稍難現(xiàn)象。
1.關系代詞前有時會出現(xiàn)加介詞的情況,如何選擇介詞?
e.g: The man ____ she is married is an engineer.
和她結婚的那個人是個工程師。
把先行詞the man返回從句為:she is married to the man.
和某人結婚的.固定搭配為:be married to sb因此介詞to不能丟。
先行詞為人,用介詞+whom.先行詞為物,用介詞+which
答案為:to whom
再看幾組:
①This is the book _____ I spent five yuan.
、赥his is the book______I paid five yuan.
、跿his is the book_____I learnt a lot.
完整的從句分別為:I spent five yuanonthe book
I paid five yuanforthe book
I learnt a lotfromthe book
答案為:①on which②for which③from which
由此我們可以看出正確的介詞是根據(jù)從句所要表達的意思和它的固定搭配選擇的。
2.As的用法
1) As用于限定性定語從句時,只用在such ,the same的后面。請看例句:
a.Hewill repeat such points as are discussed in the book.
b.Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.
c.He is not the same playboy as we knew.
2) As引導的非限定性定語從句指代整個句子可位于句首,而which只能位于句末。
e.g: a. As is known to all, the earth is round.
b.The earth is round, which/as is known to all.
這里區(qū)別開三個?季涫剑
①Itis known to allthatthe earth is round.主語從句
、Asis known to all,the earth is round定語從句
③Whatis known to allis thatthe earth is round主語從句表語從句
3.定語從句中出現(xiàn)插入語(sb thinksb knowsb believesb suppose)
時,這類插入語不計入成分。
e.g:He is the boy____ you think is mary′s brother.
A whoB whomC /D whose
先行詞為the boy ,you think作為插入語不計入成分,那么the boy就作為從句的主語。答案為A.在做此類含插入語的定語從句是,可直接將插入語刪掉,在看先行詞在從句中作甚么成分以確定關系詞。
4.以疑問句開始的定語從句需把疑問句先變成陳述句以確定先行詞。
e.g:①Is this the factory____ your father works.
A thatBwhereCon whichD that one
、贗s this factory_____ we visited last year.
A whereBin whichCthe oneD at which
第一句變成陳述句為:This is the factory____ your father works.
先行詞為the factory,返回從句中應為:your father works in the factory
因此the factory作了從句的地點狀語,選B.
第二句變?yōu)殛愂鼍錇椋簍his factory is____ _____ we visited last year.
主句缺表語,也就是說從句缺先行詞。在先行詞之后還需關系詞。那么,這個題需要先補充先行詞再確定關系詞。根據(jù)句意:這個工廠就是去年我們參觀過的工廠。先行詞應為the factory.為了避免重復,我們用the one代替。先行詞返回從句應在visited之后作賓語。這樣,關系詞可用which/that或不填。答案為C.因此,做此類題時應先把一般疑問句變?yōu)殛愂鼍湟源_定先行詞再做。
5.That引起的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。
來看兩個例子:①The news ______ he told us was very exicting.
、贖e has brought us the news ____ our team has won the game.
AwhatB asC thatD where
這兩個從句前都為名詞,有別于主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和狀語從句。
有必要進行比較。第一句的從句缺成分,完整從句為:he told us the news.
需要the news作從句的賓語,因此,第一句為定語從句,答案為which/that
或不填。第二句中從句不需要the news充當成分,從句完整并且是對the news
的解釋說明,因而此句為同位語從句。只能由that連接。這兩題都選that,
但在第一句中它有指代作用且可以省略。而在第二句中that只起連接作用
不能省略。
6.定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別。
并列句有and, so, but等并列連詞連接或兩個句子用分號連接,這時就不能用引導定語從句的關系詞了。
e.g:①MrLi has three daughters, None of____is an engineer.
②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.
、跰r Li has three daughters;______ are doctors.
從結構上看,①小題是定語從句,故用whom ;②小題有but,是并列句,故填代詞them;③小題是兩個并列分句,無需連接詞,缺主語,故用none或they.
7.區(qū)分where引導的地點狀語從句和定語從句
若是定語從句,則where前必有被修飾的表示地點的名詞;若where前沒有名詞則視為地點狀語從句。請比較:
、賧ou had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
定語從句
、趛ou had better make a mark where you have any questions.
地點狀語從句
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