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如何寫好英語作文

時間:2024-02-20 09:32:04 英語 我要投稿
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如何寫好英語作文

  無論是身處學校還是步入社會,大家都接觸過作文吧,作文一定要做到主題集中,圍繞同一主題作深入闡述,切忌東拉西扯,主題渙散甚至無主題。那要怎么寫好作文呢?以下是小編整理的如何寫好英語作文,歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。

如何寫好英語作文

  一、"There be"結構

  考生病句:

  1. There are many people like to go to the movies.

  2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.

  正確表達:

  1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.

  2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.

  這兩個例句的錯誤比較有普遍性,因為在歷次考試中有不少考生不能正確運用there be這一最常用的句式。在這種結構中,there是引導詞,沒有實際意義。be在句中作謂語,有時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

  例如:

  1. There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...)注意:在否定句中,否定詞用no,也可用not a或not any。not a后接單數(shù)名詞,not any 后接復數(shù)名詞,no后面的名詞單復數(shù)都可以。

  2. There is not a moment to be lost.

  3. There are many people rushing into the cities every year.

  4. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.

  5. There is no use holding back the wheel of history.

  從以上例句還可看出,句中的主語后面可接多種修飾語,如介詞短語.不定式短語.定語從句.分詞短語等等。這無疑使該結構增加了表現(xiàn)力,使句子表達內容更加豐富。 在運用這一結構時,考生最容易犯的錯誤是在there be之后又用了一個動詞作謂語,使句子結構出現(xiàn)嚴重錯誤。這里列舉的考生的典型錯誤均屬這種情況,對此我們在寫作中要格外注意。

  二、比較結構

  考生病句:

  1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.

  2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.

  正確表達:

  1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.

  2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.

  評議與分析:許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較,但相當多的表達有誤。

  在例1中,對兩個事物進行比較的句式為Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的過去分詞,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞,因為B是分詞的邏輯主語,只能被比較。在例2中,考生誤將"天氣"與"城市"進行比較,而二者沒有可比性,只有將后者改為"其他城市的天氣"才符合邏輯,很顯然,考生的錯誤是受了漢語表達習慣的影響。

  比較結構是常用結構,正確地使用這一結構可以使文章的句式增加變化,有利于提高寫作成績。一般說來,考生若能恰當.正確地運用這一結構,其寫作成績應在5分以上。

  下面是比較結構的一些常用的表達方法。

  1. 同級比較

  1. In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.

  2. We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten yearsin the past.

  2. 比較級

  1. Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.

  2. We can live longer without food than we can (live .without water.

  3. 最高級

  1. This is the most interesting book Ive ever read.

  2. Of all his novels I like this one best.

  4. the more…the more…結構

  1.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

  2.The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.

  5. 選擇比較

  1.I prefer staying at home to going out.

  2.They prefer to work rather than (to.sit idly.

  3.He prefers to work alone.

  注意:這里的1.句用的是Prefer A to B結構,to為介詞,后接名詞或動名詞;2.句是以不定式作 prefer的賓語;3.句用法同2.,只是不把rather than部分表達出來。

  6. 對比

  1.Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.

  2.He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigour.

  注意:while 和whereas均可用于連接兩個意義對立的分句,相當于漢語的"而"字。許多考生能較好地運用這一句式,尤其在圖表作文中。

  三、表達原因的結構

  考生病句:

  1. The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money withoutworking hard.

  正確表達:

  1. The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

  評議與分析:

  以上兩個病句分別引自92年1月和97年12月四級考試的考生作文。從遣詞造句上看,這兩位考生具有一定的寫作能力,not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均運用正確.恰當。但令人遺憾的是,第一位考生不知道reason不與to搭配而應接介詞for,第二位考生犯了一個中國學生常犯的錯誤,就是用because引起表語從句,because這個詞不能引起表語從句,在本句中只能改用that才正確。

  掌握好表達原因的結構是十分重要的,幾乎所有的寫作試題都要求寫原因或可以寫原因。在大學英語四.六級考試.研究生入學英語考試以及TOEFL考試中,寫作的文體基本上是議論文,而議論文的基本模式是擺事實.講道理,講道理就是說明原因。寫作測試的文體決定了表達原因結構的重要性。

  英語中用來表達原因這一概念的結構有多種。我們可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等詞組引出表示原因的從句。例如:

  1. Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel moreproud than ever of our country.

  2. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.

  3. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.

  4. Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we dont have the ability to solve it, but thatsome people have not realized the consequences of the problem.

  我們還可以借助某些詞語用簡單句表達原因結構。例如:

  1. The reason for this change is quite obvious.

  2. Diligence is the key factor of success.

  3. Idleness is the root of all evils.

  4. He was ashamed to have made the mistake.(=He was ashamed that he had made themistake. =He was ashamed because he had made the mistake.)

  除了上述的例句外,英語中還有很多或易或難的表達原因的結構。我們在進行寫作訓練的時候,不能滿足于一知半解,要講究書面語言的正確性和準確性。比如,because是最常用的引導原因從句的連詞,語氣最強,表示直接的原因,若because置于句首,后面的主句不能再用so。用as引導的原因從句語氣較弱,所說明的原因是附帶的,而since表示的原因暗示著是稍加分析之后才能推斷出來的原因。

  四、否定結構

  考生病句

  1. Some people think we neednt to worry about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies, too.

  正確表達:

  1. Some people think we neednt worry (或dont need to worry.about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people dont like to go to the movies, either.

  評議與分析:

  例句1選自96年1月四級考生作文,例句2選自92年1月六級考生作文。例句1 的錯誤在于該考生混淆了need作為情態(tài)動詞和作為普通動詞的用法。need作為情態(tài)動詞時,主要用于否定句,后面的動詞不帶to, neednt worry,作we的謂語。need作為實意動詞時,可用于肯定句.否定句和疑問句,dont need to worry 中的to worry作dont need的賓語。例句2的錯誤在于該考生混淆了too和either的區(qū)別,這兩個詞都表示"也"的意思,但是在英語中too, also只能用于肯定句,而either只能用于否定句。

  寫作技巧

  1、大量閱讀

  好的寫作,構建在大量閱讀的前提下,母語人士從小就會閱讀適合自己程度的故事書籍,培養(yǎng)良好的故事描述能力。我們在學習英語時缺乏閱讀課外書籍,而只是做了很多閱讀測驗的文章,這對語言組織能力并沒有正向的幫助,畢竟閱讀時很多時候只是看關鍵詞在作答。

  好的作文應該要從「模仿」開始,這可分為兩種模仿。第一種是框架的模仿,如:模仿范文的框架與論述邏輯。第二種是筆調用語的模仿,如:多學習使用母語人士的地道用法。

  2、養(yǎng)成擬大綱的好習慣

  初學者在寫作前要先練習擬定大綱,才能避免寫作時想到什么寫什么的情況。那會導致整篇文章看起來胡亂而毫無章法。那么具體該怎么列大綱呢?我們可以分為三點:

  1) 引言

  又稱為「開頭段」,每篇文章第一段必須是這篇文章主要論點的大綱提要。也就是我們說的呈上起下,所以第一段必須要重點點出本文的主旨。

  Eating healthily and working out on a daily basis can pay dividends. It took me years to realize that.

  健康飲食和每天鍛煉可以帶來好處。我花了很多年才意識到這一點。

  2) 內文

  又稱為「主體段」。此段落是要用數(shù)個論點證明自己的論述。可以在一個主題句之下再延伸說明2-3句。所以假設有三個論點,那這個主體段就會有6-9句。

  I have a hectic schedule and a stressful job, so I used to sit at the desk for several hours in a row, which leads to obesity. It’s taking its toll on my health, so I decided to make a change and start to lead a healthy life. First, I try to get into the habit of working out on a daily basis. I hit the gym every night after work and it has become something of a ritual for me. Secondly, I strike a balance between work and life. I used to put in extra hours every day but now I decide to get things done before the end of day so I don’t have to work overtime. Thirdly, I eat a balanced meal. I was not a big fan of vegetables in the past but now I consume both meat and vegetables and fruits, so I will not suffer from malnutrition.

  我有一個繁忙的行程表和一份壓力很大的工作,所以我經(jīng)常連續(xù)幾個小時坐在辦公桌前,這會導致肥胖。這對我的健康造成了損害,所以我決定做出改變,開始過健康的生活。首先,我努力養(yǎng)成每天健身的習慣。我每天晚上下班后都去健身房,這已經(jīng)成為我的一種例行公事。其次,我在工作和生活之間取得了平衡。我以前每天都加班,但現(xiàn)在我決定在一天結束前把事情做完,這樣我就不用加班了。第三,我有均衡的飲食。我過去不太喜歡蔬菜,但現(xiàn)在我既吃肉類,也吃蔬菜和水果,所以我不會營養(yǎng)不良。

  3) 結尾

  又稱為「結尾段」,這個段落就是將第一段換句話說,總結本篇文章的論點。

  I lost a few pounds by doing the things mentioned above and I have become much more efficient at work. All in all, we should do our best to lead a healthy life. Otherwise, we cannot enjoy our lives to the fullest.

  通過做上面提到的事情,我瘦了幾磅,工作效率也提高了很多。總之,我們應該盡最大努力過健康的生活。否則,我們無法充分享受生活。

  3、練習寫summary

  練習摘要技巧也是寫作的一部分,報紙記者的入門評鑒之一,就是能否將很大篇幅的文字內化成精簡的文字讓一般民眾能看懂。比如,如何將以下這段文字精簡化,大家可以練習一下:

  Lionel Messi donned a black robe to lift the World Cup into the air after Argentina’s win over France for their third World Cup title.

  The dark cloak is an Arab bisht. According to the Arab News, a bisht is a traditional Arabian long cloak men wear over their thobes. The garment is usually worn on special occasions such as weddings. It is a prestigious statement garment and was given to Messi to honor the Argentina captain.

  Lionel Messi wore a black robe after Argentina won the World Cup 2022. The black robe is called Arab bisht, which is atraditonal Arablian long cloak men wear on speical occasions , such as weddings. It was given to Messi in honor of his achievement.

  4、多看commentary的文章,分析觀點

  可以多閱讀報紙的社論專欄 (editorial),以了解對最新時事的不同觀點,因為社論專欄也是用口語筆調書寫,因此也可以用來練習說成口語表達。切記「少就是多」的原則。有空就看一兩段,然后用口語paraphrase (自我表述)出來,就很有幫助喔!

  5、抄寫字典例句增強記憶

  平常看到不錯的用法或是句型,務必要查詢字典,因為像是牛津字典或劍橋字典的例句都能夠讓你輕松記住那個亮點,方便日后自己寫作時使用。由母語人士寫的文章反而沒有字典例句來得容易背誦因而形成長期記憶。

  6、養(yǎng)成每周練習1篇作文的習慣

  每周可以練習針對一個議題寫一篇作文,這里可以推薦利用托福和雅思作文的寫作議題來練習論說文。也可以撰寫日記來練習記敘文。我們可以利用作文批改軟件知道自己哪個地方有問題而加以改善。

  7、記住3不要

  寫作時有幾個要避免的地方,如:

  1) 避免使用縮寫,因為縮寫形式一般用于口語

  2) 避免使用艱澀浮夸的單詞,因為你的寫作不是高級母語人士的等級,因此用那些單詞會和你自己寫作中過于簡單的句子形成極為不搭的窘境。

  3) 避免使用第一人稱或第二人稱書寫,一般寫作會用第三人稱。

  相信有了以上這些技巧,各位對寫作是否有了更深一層的認識了呢?

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