關(guān)于英語(yǔ)之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯方法
英語(yǔ)(英語(yǔ):English)是一種西日耳曼語(yǔ)支,最早被中世紀(jì)的英國(guó)使用,并因其廣闊的殖民地而成為世界使用面積最廣的語(yǔ)言。,下面是小編幫大家整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯方法,僅供參考,大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
關(guān)于英語(yǔ)之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯方法
1、譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句
一些被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子可用漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句表達(dá)。
(1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy.
譯文:重要的是,應(yīng)該給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)注入新的活力。
(2)A court order was obtained, permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test.
譯文:獲得了法庭指令,允許警察對(duì)他使用測(cè)謊儀進(jìn)行測(cè)謊。
(3)It must be recognized that China is still a developing country.
譯文:必須承認(rèn)中國(guó)還是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。
考研英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯法技巧有哪些
1) 變?yōu)闈h語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)形式。
It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.這種說(shuō)法從一開始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端,它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物:要么像對(duì)待人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒,要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。
2) 譯成具有被動(dòng)意義的漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.盡管計(jì)算機(jī)可以提供那么多的幫助,它卻不應(yīng)該被看作是基本的思維和推理技巧的替代物。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.這些預(yù)測(cè)將在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)取決于所用信息的數(shù)量、可靠程度、適宜程度以及用來(lái)解釋這些信息的技巧與才智。
3) 增添“人們”、“大家”等適當(dāng)?shù)脑~做漢語(yǔ)譯文的主語(yǔ)。
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.許多人認(rèn)為普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法和科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程想比較,他們并認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)過(guò)某中專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。
During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中,歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時(shí),那些解釋新史料的新方法充實(shí)了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。
英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+p.p.
一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were+p.p.
一般將來(lái)時(shí):shall /will be +p.p.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have /has been +p.p.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are+being+p.p.
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):should /would be +p.p.
含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+p.p.例如:
、 Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.
A.speak
B.is speaking
C.speaks
D.is spoken
(選D。考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
、 The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.
A.were told
B.is telling
C.was told
D.tells
(選C?疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
、 A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.
A.must
B.must be
C.has
D.have
(選B?疾楹閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)規(guī)律知識(shí)點(diǎn)
主動(dòng):He answered me the question. (正)
被動(dòng):I was answered the question by him. (正)
被動(dòng):The question was answered me by him. (誤)
以上句子涉及帶雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題。這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以從三個(gè)方面去概括:
有些帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以有兩種形式(即可用直接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)),這類動(dòng)詞主要的有:buy,give,lend,pay,show,teach,tell,offer,leave,award 等:
他給了她一些錢。
主動(dòng):He gave her some money. (正)
被動(dòng):She was given some money by him. (正)
被動(dòng):Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)
有些帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),通常要用直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞主要的有:do,make,pass,sell,sing,write 等:
他給她寫了封信。
主動(dòng):He wrote her a letter. (正)
被動(dòng):A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)
被動(dòng):She was written a letter by him. (少見(jiàn))
有些帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),通常要用間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞主要的有:answer,refuse,save,spare,deny,envy 等:
他們不允許我入場(chǎng)。
主動(dòng):They refused me admittance. (正)
被動(dòng):I was refused admittance by them. (正)
被動(dòng):Admittance was refused me by them. (少見(jiàn))
英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完全手冊(cè)
一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述
英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為:主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。
例如:Many people speak English.
謂語(yǔ):speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。巧記為:被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。例如:English is spoken by many people.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。
主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)指的是動(dòng)詞形式,是詞法概念;而主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu),從而是句法概念。所謂主動(dòng)句就是由主動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子,而被動(dòng)句則是由被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞(詞組)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子。
例如:He opened the door.他開了門。(主動(dòng)句)
The door was opened.門被開了。(被動(dòng)句)
二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的,F(xiàn)以teach為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+taught
一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were+taught
一般將來(lái)時(shí):will/shall be+taught
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are being+taught
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):have/has been+taught
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has been+taught
歌訣是:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變,過(guò)去分詞跟后面。
三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。
例如:
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)
This book was published in 1981.這本書出版于1981年。
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如:the window was broken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。
This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。
歌訣:誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道,說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要;
動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。
四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
(2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過(guò)去分詞)
(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù),以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。
(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ),將主格改為賓格。例如:
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are madeby them in the factory.
歌訣是:賓變主,主變賓,by短語(yǔ)后面跟。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng),be后“過(guò)分”來(lái)使用。
五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。
歌訣是:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變動(dòng),情態(tài)加be加“過(guò)分”,原來(lái)帶to要保留。例如:
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once。
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