超實(shí)用的英文寫作技巧
1. Better writing: guide readers through what you write更好的寫作：引導(dǎo)讀者們讀你寫的東西
Your task is to help readers understand your message quickly and precisely. To do this, it is necessary to show them clearly how the different parts relate to each other.你的工作是幫助讀者快速并精準(zhǔn)的理解你的訊息。要達(dá)到這個(gè)目的，很有必要清楚的為他們寫出不同的部分是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。
Each sentence, each paragraph should be relevant to what comes before and what comes after.每個(gè)句子，每個(gè)段落必須前后呼應(yīng)。
2. Word choice: avoid clichés and buzzwords選詞：避免（使用）陳詞濫調(diào)和專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
Clichés (used so often and so vaguely that they lose their original impact) and buzzwords/jargon can irritate readers and either distract them from your message or make them question its validity.陳詞濫調(diào)（已經(jīng)被用到爛大街了，而且意味不明，以至于失去了他們本來(lái)的效果），而專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)（也稱jargon）會(huì)激怒讀者，兩個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)都會(huì)偏離你的本意，或是讓讀者對(duì)你的正確性抱有疑問(wèn)。
3. Writing your CV/résumé: make your CV/résumé easy to read寫簡(jiǎn)歷：簡(jiǎn)歷要易懂
Research shows that one thing recruiters expect in a CV/résumé is ease of reading. Ways of making yours easy to read include a brief summary of where you are now and where you want to go, short sentences and paragraphs, clear headings, good use of bullet points, and appropriate typefaces.研究顯示，招聘人員的期望之一就是簡(jiǎn)歷很好懂。讓你的簡(jiǎn)歷很好懂，包括簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié)你現(xiàn)在在哪，你想去哪兒，用簡(jiǎn)單的句子和段落，清晰的標(biāo)題，好好利用要點(diǎn)符號(hào)，以及適當(dāng)?shù)淖煮w。
4. Writing a cover letter: tailor your cover letter寫求職信：裁剪你的求職信
A generic cover letter simply will not do; make sure your letter is tailored to the job and company in question. Reflect the organization’s values and goals; research what it says about its history, current practice, mission statement, and so forth. But don’t just parrot their exact wording. It sounds robotic, and employers hate it.一封通用類的`求職信不會(huì)這樣：確保你的求職信適合這份工作和公司。反應(yīng)組織的價(jià)值觀和目標(biāo)；調(diào)查對(duì)于其歷史、現(xiàn)行方法、宗旨等等說(shuō)了什么。但是不要鸚鵡學(xué)舌。這樣聽(tīng)上去很機(jī)械，而且雇主很討厭這樣。
5. Writing essays: understand your audience寫短文：理解你的觀眾
The more you know about who will be reading your essay, the better. Readers who are experts on your topic will already have some background knowledge. Readers who are your age will be familiar with the same films and songs you’re likely to mention. The less you know about your audience, the more you’ll need to define your terms and provide context for your examples.你了解誰(shuí)在讀你的短文越多，當(dāng)然就越好。你話題的專家讀者已經(jīng)有了些許背景知識(shí)。和你年紀(jì)相仿的讀者會(huì)很熟悉你可能提到的相同的電影和歌曲。你對(duì)你的讀者了解的越少，你越需要定義你的術(shù)語(yǔ)，并且為你的舉例提供文本。
6. Writing a personal statement: create a strong opening寫個(gè)人陳述：寫一個(gè)吸引人的開頭
As with any other piece of writing, you need to get your readers’ attention. A compelling personal story can be an effective beginning. Let your story lead to a discussion of how you became interested in the type of work or education you are pursuing. You might also start by writing about someone you admire in the industry or organization.正如其他任何形式的寫作一樣，你必須引起的你的讀者的注意。一則引人入勝的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷會(huì)有一個(gè)印象深刻的開頭。讓你的故事引發(fā)討論——你如何變得對(duì)這類你追尋的工作或是教育感興趣。你也許還能用你在工廠或是組織里尊敬的某個(gè)人作為開頭。
7. Online writing: create a good title在線寫作：取個(gè)好標(biāo)題
Your title is one of the ways people find your piece. It should also make them want to read on. So it’s well worth investing time to get it right. The pay-off will be not only more readers but also readers who engage fully with what you write.你的標(biāo)題是別人找到你的文章途徑之一。也必須讓他們覺(jué)得很有欲望讀你的文章。所以花時(shí)間找對(duì)正確的方向是值得的。取得的成功不僅僅是越來(lái)越多的讀者，還有全然參與到你寫作討論的讀者。
8. Creative writing: show rather than tell創(chuàng)意寫作：敘述，不如表現(xiàn)
Too much description, too many adjectives and adverbs, can slow up your narrative and cause your readers to lose interest. Where possible, it’s better to show you readers what a person, the atmosphere in the room, the relationship between your characters is like – show, that is, by what they say, how they interact, what they do. It’s more effective than telling the reader through wordy piles of information.太多描述，太多形容詞和動(dòng)詞，會(huì)拖慢你的敘述，并讓你的讀者沒(méi)了興趣。你最好為讀者展示人物，房間里的分為，人物之間的關(guān)系是怎樣的——展示，就是說(shuō)，通過(guò)他們說(shuō)了什么，怎么互動(dòng)的，還有做了什么。這比用大量的文字訊息傳遞給讀者更有效。
9. Writing a speech: write for the ear, not for the eye寫演講：為聆聽(tīng)而寫，而不是為觀看而寫
Once you’ve finished a draft of your speech, practice reading it out loud. You’ll hear anything that sounds awkward. Revise so you are more comfortable giving your speech. You want to sound natural, no matter what the occasion.你一旦完成了演講的草稿，大聲練習(xí)朗讀。你會(huì)聽(tīng)出任何不合適的地方。進(jìn)行修正，這樣你做演講就會(huì)更順暢。無(wú)論在什么場(chǎng)合，你都想要聽(tīng)上去非常自然。
10. Writing a review: explain how you’re judging the work寫綜述：解釋下你如何決斷你的工作
Decide on your criteria, the standards you’ll use to judge the book, show, or film. You might believe a novel is successful when it has characters you care about and a plot that makes you want to keep reading. State these criteria so your readers understand what you believe.決定你的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你用來(lái)評(píng)定書、表演或是電影的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。你也許認(rèn)為，一本小說(shuō)成功與否取決于你關(guān)心的人物還有情節(jié)是否能讓你如饑似渴的讀下去。定下這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這樣你的讀者就能理解你所信仰的。
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