英語四級傳統(tǒng)文化翻譯

　　英語四級中，翻譯常常為一大難點，因為翻譯不僅涉及到英語，還要考察同學(xué)對自己母語的掌握程度。在近年考試中，翻譯主題常常圍繞著“傳統(tǒng)文化”進(jìn)行，下面就為大家總結(jié)一些相關(guān)主題的四級翻譯預(yù)測題。

　　1、中國人姓名

　　原文：中國人的姓名通常姓(family name)在前，名(givenname)在后。中國有10多億個名字，所以人們即便在隨意場合也可能會連名帶姓地介紹自己，這是很尋常的。歷史上，人名的受歡迎稈度會隨著時事而變化。例如，20世紀(jì)80年代改革開放時期，“致富”成為一個名字，因其意為“變得富有”。

　　參考譯文：The Name in China

　　In China the family name is usually in front of thegiven name. It isn’t unusual for a man to introducehimself by his family name with given name even incasual situationsbecause there are more than abillion given names. The Chinese given name has ahistory of changing with popularity depending on what events were going on. For instance,during the Cultural Revolution Hong (the color red) was very popular as it presentsrevolution. During the reform and opening up in the 1980s, Zhifu became one given name asit means “getting rich”.

　　2、太極拳

　　原文：太極拳(Taijiquan)是一種中國武術(shù)內(nèi)家拳(the internalstyles of Chinese martial art)。它基于以柔克剛(thesoft overcoming the hard)的原理，發(fā)端于中國古代，最開始是一種武術(shù)和自衛(wèi)方式。隨著時間的推移，人們開始通過練太極拳來改善健康狀況、增加福祉(well-being)。練習(xí)者用意念慢慢地、輕輕地移動身體, 同時深呼吸，因此有時被稱為移動冥想(meditation)。中國人通常會在清晨到附近的公園練習(xí)太極拳。

　　參考譯文：Taijiquan

　　Taijiquan is one of the internal styles of Chinesemartial art. It is based on the principle of the softovercoming the hard and originated in ancient Chinaas a martial art and a means of self-defense. Overtime, people began to exercise it to improve theirhealth and well-being. Practicers move their bodies slowly，gently and with thought whilebreathing deeply，so it is sometimes referred to as “moving meditation”.Chinese commonlypractice Taijiquan in nearby parks in early morning.

　　3、中醫(yī)

　　原文：中醫(yī)（Chinese medicine）是世界醫(yī)學(xué)的遺產(chǎn)。中醫(yī)有比西方醫(yī)學(xué) 更好的治病方法。因為中醫(yī)的效果和醫(yī)治方式，在世界上中醫(yī)現(xiàn)在 越來越流行了。中醫(yī)起源于古代，巳經(jīng)發(fā)展了很長一段時間，它收 集了治療不同疾病的各種方法。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)講究人們身體系統(tǒng)的平衡。這是說，一旦人的身體系統(tǒng)平衡，疾病就會消失。身體系統(tǒng)的損害 是疾病的根源。

　　參考譯文：Chinese Medicine

　　Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones. China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people. It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.

　　4、送禮

　　原文：在中國，贈送禮物應(yīng)考慮具體情況和場合。禮物常用紅色或其他喜慶的顏色(festive color)來包裝，但白色或黑色不適宜用于此。當(dāng)你將禮物遞出去時，收禮者(recipient)可能會禮貌謝絕。在情況下試著將禮物再-次送出去。通常收禮者在客人離開之后才打開禮物。此外，送禮還有—些禁忌(taboo)如給夫妻送傘就不合適，因為中文里“傘”與“散”同音。

　　參考譯文：Presenting Gifts

　　In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts. The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors. But white and black and not suitable in the packaging. When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely. In this case, you could try to offer the present once again. Usually, the recipient won’t open the gift until the guest leaves. In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts. For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella” has the same pronunciation with another word "separate" in Chinese.

　　5、文明

　　原文：現(xiàn)代人類約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來到中國。這些石器時代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前4000年左右，這些人開始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年，他們開始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國人已進(jìn)入青銅時代(Bronze Age)，并開始用于寫字。約公元前700年，中國的金屬工人學(xué)會制作鐵器工具和武器。

　　參考譯文：Civilization

　　Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.

　　6、七夕節(jié)

　　原文：自上世紀(jì)90年代后期起，七夕節(jié)(the Double SeventhFestival )開始被稱為“中國的情人節(jié)”。這個節(jié)日可以追溯到漢朝，當(dāng)時對戀人、女孩都是個特殊的日子。 這天，女孩會舉行儀式，向織女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技藝和美滿婚姻，所以七夕節(jié)還被稱為“乞巧節(jié)(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。如今，一些傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗已經(jīng)弱化。人們現(xiàn)在把七夕節(jié)當(dāng)作浪漫的情人節(jié)來慶祝，尤其是在年輕人中間。

　　參考譯文：The Double Seventh Festival

　　The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentine’s Day since the late 1990s. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage. So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened. Now the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentine’s day, particularly among young people.

　　英語四級翻譯三大技巧

　　1. 把中文調(diào)整成英文的結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住主干，理清枝葉。

　　比如：反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是中國文明的重要特征(2014年6月四級題目)。

　　對于這句話的翻譯首先應(yīng)該抓住主干。

　　(反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的)鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是 中國文明的重要特征。

　　那么：Theideal rural lifestyle (reflected in the art and literature) is a greatcharacteristic in Chinese civilization.

　　嘗試下：巧婦難為無米之炊。

　　巧婦(難)為(無米之)炊

　　直譯：Even agood housewife cannot make meal without rice.

　　地道的翻譯：Evena good housewife cannot make bricks without straw.

　　注：有點和寫作一樣需要提醒，千萬不要范太低級的語法錯誤，否則翻譯得再好也會降到低分區(qū)。

　　2. 翻譯不一定要苛求字詞，先把整個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)搭好，至少讓人覺得你譯文可以基本表達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容。

　　比如：為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育(2014年6月四級題目)。

　　該句子先學(xué)會搭結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　In order to ______, China hasinvested 36 billion yuan to _______ and __________.

　　如果你不會寫義務(wù)教育，甚至教育設(shè)施也不了解，但是至少你的結(jié)構(gòu)搭出來了，那你就勉為其難地瞎編或者不寫你并不會的部分。

　　譯文參考：

　　In order to improve theequality of education, China invested 36 billion yuan to improve the countryeducation equipment and improve the education in center and west areas.

　　我們發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管這不是一個很贊的譯文，但是基本翻譯出了原文的大致意思，根據(jù)印象一般判為中等。

　　參考譯文：

　　In order to promote theequality in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan to improve theeducation facilities in rural areas and enhance the rural compulsory educationin the central and western regions.

　　3. 學(xué)會變通翻譯。

　　盡管我們不主張把指南針翻譯成GPS或者amachine always pointing to the south，但是大家還是要學(xué)會變通。

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