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2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)真題及答案
在人們素養(yǎng)不斷提高的今天，報(bào)告與我們愈發(fā)關(guān)系密切，多數(shù)報(bào)告都是在事情做完或發(fā)生后撰寫的。寫起報(bào)告來就毫無(wú)頭緒？以下是小編收集整理的2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)考英語(yǔ)真題及答案，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
Text 4
In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.
The high courts decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governors decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".
The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leaders source of wealth.
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.
The courts ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.
36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnells duties.
[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.
[C] was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.
[D] refused to comment on McDonnells ethics.
【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.
37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves
[A] leaking secrets intentionally.
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.
[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.
[D] breaking contracts officially.
【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.
38. The courts ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are
[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.
【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to
[A] awaken the conscience of officials.
[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.
[D] inspire hopes in average people.
【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.
40. The authors attitude toward the courts ruling is
[A] sarcastic.
[B] tolerant.
[C] skeptical.
[D] supportive
【答案】[D] supportive
Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickenss eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.
[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickenss fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.
[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymours pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.
[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.
[E]Soon after his fathers release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporters eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on Englands southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens birth, his mothers father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The familys increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warrens Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his fathers imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphans progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.
D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.
【答案】
41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth
42. [E] Soon after his fathers release from prison
43. [A]The first published sketch
44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared
45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.
(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.
Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol
(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.
If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.
(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.
The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.
【答案】
(46) 但是即使當(dāng)下英語(yǔ)使用者的人群還在進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，有跡象表明：在可預(yù)見的未來，英語(yǔ)可能會(huì)逐漸失去其全球主導(dǎo)地位。
(47) 因此，對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)的國(guó)際地位無(wú)懈可擊、甚至覺得他們的年青后輩們不需要學(xué)習(xí)其他語(yǔ)言的人而言，他的分析可能會(huì)給他們的驕傲自大畫上一個(gè)句號(hào)。
(48) 眾多國(guó)家正在將英語(yǔ)引進(jìn)小學(xué)課程，但是，毫不夸張地說，英國(guó)學(xué)童和學(xué)生似乎沒有受到更多的鼓勵(lì)去學(xué)會(huì)流利地使用其他語(yǔ)言。
(49) 大衛(wèi)·葛拉爾多所發(fā)現(xiàn)的變化給教授他國(guó)人士英語(yǔ)的英國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)以及更廣闊的教育市場(chǎng)帶來了顯而易見的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。
(50)這給所有致力于推廣英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和使用的機(jī)構(gòu)提供了一個(gè)制定規(guī)劃的依據(jù)，讓我們能夠應(yīng)對(duì)未來完全不同的操作環(huán)境里出現(xiàn)的各種可能性。
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions：
You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write the address . (10 points)
【參考范文】
Dear James Cook,Welcome to China! Im writing this email to recommend some scenic spots in Beijing to you so that you can have a wonderful time here.
First of all, you could have a visit to the Summer Palace and Forbidden City, which are renowned for its old buildings and diverse cultures. After that, it is advisable to go to Wang Fujing, where you can have a taste of some delicious local food while enjoying the traditional culture. Finally, you can go to the National Museum, in which some traditional art exhibitions are being held. What do you think of my plans?
I sincerely hope that you could enjoy yourselves in Beijing and it will be my pleasure to be your guide.
Yours sincerely,Li Ming
Part B
52. Directions：
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should
1)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the meaning , and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )
【參考范文】
Portrayed in the two cartoons is thought-provoking: In the left one, a young man, comfortably lounging on the chair, is looking at his huge bookshelf full of books contentedly, while the other, in the right drawing, is determined to finish reading 20 books in a year.
By this scenario, the cartoonist is trying to awaken us to the importance of reading and sticking to our goals. It is universally held that with the advance of modern society, only those equipped with updated knowledge which requires constant reading are most likely to reach the summit of the success. Conversely, without persistent learning and taking actions, our objectives are bound to be a fantasy. Indeed, people fail always because they stop trying, not because they encounter invincible difficulties.
From what has been mentioned above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that only those who keep learning and cherish the spirit of persistence have opportunities to succeed. Therefore, such essence is an important virtue worthy of being fostered. If you understand and adhere to this principle in your study and work, you will definitely benefit greatly.
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.
Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, ... How do we explain this trend?
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, .., and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).
A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.
31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ______.
A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians
B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies
C. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image
D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography
32. What does the author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?
A. They are in popular use among historians.
B. They are rare among photographs of that age.
C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
D. They show effects of different exposure times.
33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?
A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.
B. Their tension before the camera.
C. Their distrust of new inventions.
D. Their unhealthy dental condition.
34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was ______.
A. a deep-rooted belief
B. a misguided attitude
C. a controversial view
D. a thought-provoking idea
35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?
A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?
C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?
D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?
31. 【答案】A(changed people’s impression of the Victorians)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 1和the author’s posts on Twitter定位到第一段②句：I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir。③句進(jìn)一步解釋stir，即People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh。A項(xiàng)changed people’s impression of the Victorians是對(duì)該句的概括。所以本題選A。
32. 【答案】B(They are rare among photographs of that age.)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the Victorian portraits he has collected定位到第二段①句中的my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900。They are rare among photographs of that age是對(duì)makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選B。
33. 【答案】D(Their unhealthy dental condition.)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s定位到第四段②句Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile。該句指出在19世紀(jì)90年代，自然的微笑相對(duì)容易捕捉，因此需要尋找其他的原因。緊接著第五段作出另一種可能的解釋，其中第五段②句中的before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene說明了口腔衛(wèi)生狀況常常令人震驚，導(dǎo)致維多利亞人拍照時(shí)不露齒笑，對(duì)應(yīng)了Their unhealthy dental condition。所以本題選D。
34. 【答案】A(a deep-root belief)
【解析】本題為例證題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mark Twain定位到第六段②句，該句引用了Mark Twain的具體話語(yǔ)。再向前尋找他所要證明的觀點(diǎn)，從而定位到第六段①句A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class，即“露齒微笑缺少修養(yǎng)”，這是一種根深蒂固的觀念，對(duì)應(yīng)A項(xiàng)a deep-root belief。所以本題選A。
35. 【答案】A(Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?)
【解析】本題為主旨大意題。全文前兩段提出維多利亞時(shí)代人們拍照時(shí)普遍不會(huì)微笑這一現(xiàn)象，接下來第三段至第六段分別從曝光時(shí)間，牙齒健康狀況以及固有觀念這三方面分析現(xiàn)象背后的原因，因此A項(xiàng)Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?是對(duì)原文主旨的概括。所以本題選A。
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