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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法講解冠詞
冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(The Indefinite Article)和定冠詞(The definite Article)兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞,a用在輔音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1、指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物,但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。如:
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定詞組中。如:a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹——a + 抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 這女孩對(duì)她父母來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)樂(lè)趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談?wù)媸且患淇斓氖虑椤?/p>
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個(gè)會(huì),對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一種榮譽(yù)。
二、定冠詞的用法:
1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提過(guò)的人或事物(第二次出現(xiàn))。如:
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如:the earth, the moon, the sun。
5、用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。(副詞最高級(jí)前的定冠詞可省略)如:
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些專有名詞前(由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專用名詞)。如:the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如:on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在報(bào)刊、雜志前。如:the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報(bào)
10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容詞前,表某一類人。如:the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內(nèi)部的某處。如:
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞):
1、專用名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如:China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如:
Go down this street.
3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。如:
We are students. I like reading stories.
4、節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。如:Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前,尤其作表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)。如:
What’s the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor.
6、在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞前。如:at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前。如:
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科目前不加。如:
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1、We can’t live without ______ air.
A.a(chǎn)n B.× C.the D.some
2、——Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.
——Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A.a(chǎn); the B.the; the C.the; a D.a(chǎn); a
3、I’ve been waiting for him for ______ hour and ______ half.
A.×; × B.the; a C.a(chǎn); the D.a(chǎn)n; a
4、What ______ fine weather we have today!
A.a(chǎn) B.× C.some D.a(chǎn)n
5、Have you ever seen ______ as tall as this one?
A.a(chǎn) tree B.such tree C.a(chǎn)n tree D.tree
6、Children usually go to ______ school at ______ age of six.
A.×; the B.a(chǎn); an C.the; × D.the; the
7、______ Himalayas is ______ highest mountain in ______ world.
A.×; the;× B.The; the; the C.A; a; a D.×;×;×
8、They each have ______ book. Li Hua’s is about ______ writer. Wang Lin’s is on ______ science.
A.a(chǎn); a; × B.the; ×; the C.×; the; × D.a(chǎn); the; a
9、______ Physics is ______ science of matter and energy.
A.The; × B.×; × C.×; the D.A; a
10、______ sun rises in ______ east and sets in ______ west.
A.A; an; a B.The;×;× C.The; the; the D.A; the; a
。ê笤O(shè)答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
KEYS
1、B air是不可數(shù)名詞。
2、D 此題為97年高考題。根據(jù)句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出現(xiàn);第二空仍是泛指,且表數(shù)量“-”。
3、D 元音前用an。
4、B weather是不可數(shù)名詞。
5、A 此題為85年高考題。泛指。
6、A go to school是固定短語(yǔ)。
7、B 山脈、形容詞最高級(jí)及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。
8、A 第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可數(shù)名詞。
9、C 第一空,科目前不加冠詞;第二空特指,有定語(yǔ)。
10、C
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