2017大學(xué)排行榜折射留學(xué)熱
LONDON - The compilers of a leading league table of the world's top universities on Tuesday reported an "unstoppable rise" in the numbers of students choosing to travel abroad to study.
倫敦——編制全球頂級(jí)大學(xué)排行榜的調(diào)查公司在9月11日發(fā)布報(bào)告稱(chēng)，選擇前往國(guó)外留學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)出現(xiàn)“勢(shì)不可擋的增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭”。
"Global student mobility is on a seemingly unstoppable rise, with those seeking an overseas education targeting the leading universities," wrote John O'Leary, an academic adviser to the consulting and research firm Quacquarelli Symonds in London, which produces the annual QS World Universities Rankings.
位于倫敦的QS咨詢(xún)研究公司(Quacquarelli Symonds)發(fā)布了年度QS全球大學(xué)排行榜，這家公司的學(xué)術(shù)顧問(wèn)約翰·奧萊利(John O’Leary)寫(xiě)道，“全球出國(guó)留學(xué)人數(shù)出現(xiàn)勢(shì)不可擋的增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭，這些學(xué)生選擇在國(guó)外的頂級(jí)大學(xué)接受教育。”
"Even after considerable growth in recent years, the latest rankings show an extraordinary rise of almost 10 percent in international student numbers at the top 100 universities," he wrote.
他指出，“最新公布的大學(xué)排行榜顯示，即使近年來(lái)出國(guó)留學(xué)人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)可觀，全球排名前100位大學(xué)招收的國(guó)際學(xué)生人數(shù)依然增長(zhǎng)了近10%。”
This year's listings saw the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) overtake Cambridge University as the top place in the influential league table, which is based on a range of factors that include the opinions of academics and prospective employers.
在今年的全球大學(xué)排行榜上，麻省理工學(xué)院（Massachusetts Institute of Technology，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)MIT）超過(guò)劍橋大學(xué)(Cambridge University)，在最有影響力的頂級(jí)大學(xué)榜單上榮登榜首，這份排行榜根據(jù)一系列因素進(jìn)行衡量，包括學(xué)界和潛在雇主的.評(píng)價(jià)。
U.S. and British institutions continued to dominate the QS rankings, which were introduced in 2004, occupying all of the top 10 places.
美國(guó)和英國(guó)大學(xué)依然占據(jù)QS全球大學(xué)排行榜的主導(dǎo)地位，在這份自2004年開(kāi)始統(tǒng)計(jì)的榜單上，全球前10名大學(xué)均為英美高校。
QS's methodology factors foreign student and faculty numbers into the rankings and that was reflected in this year's outcome.
QS公司編制排行榜的方法考慮了外國(guó)學(xué)生和教師人數(shù)的因素，這在今年的榜單上有所反映。
"Cambridge, for example, has seen a significant increase in international students, but has dropped five places in this measure, contributing to its fall from first to second place in the overall ranking," Mr. O'Leary wrote.
奧萊利表示，“比如說(shuō)，劍橋大學(xué)的國(guó)際學(xué)生人數(shù)雖然一直在顯著增長(zhǎng)，但是該項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的排名下降五位，導(dǎo)致劍橋大學(xué)從全球大學(xué)排行榜的榜首下滑到第二位�！�
Similarly, a drop in the ranking of the University of California at Berkeley - to 22nd place from 2nd in 2004 - reflected not only a comparatively poor faculty-to-student ratio, but also "low attractiveness for international faculty and students," according to Martin Ince, also a QS adviser.
同樣，美國(guó)加州大學(xué)伯克利分校(University of California at Berkeley)的排名也有所下降——從2004年的第二位下降到第22位——QS公司顧問(wèn)馬丁·因斯(Martin Ince)表示，這不僅反映伯克利分校的師生比例相對(duì)較低，還表明這所學(xué)�！皩�(duì)國(guó)際教師和學(xué)生缺乏吸引力”。
QS noted that the most successful universities competed to attract the world's best students and faculty. "Simple evaluations of the proportion of international students and international faculty serve as indicators of an institution's diversity and international attractiveness," it said.
QS公司指出，最成功的大學(xué)爭(zhēng)先恐后地吸引全世界最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生和教師。這家公司表示，“對(duì)國(guó)際學(xué)生與國(guó)際教師的比例進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)估，可以作為指標(biāo)來(lái)衡量一所大學(xué)的多元化和國(guó)際吸引力�！�
With a growing number of academic rankings being produced to help would-be students make their choice of university, criticism has been voiced about just how objective and scientific they are.
隨著越來(lái)越多的學(xué)術(shù)排名陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)，幫助即將邁入校門(mén)的學(xué)生選擇他們理想的大學(xué)，評(píng)論界表達(dá)了對(duì)這些排行榜客觀性和科學(xué)性的關(guān)注。
Ben Sowter, QS's director of research, acknowledged last year that rankings "were designed on an Anglophone model of what a university looks like."
QS公司的研究主管本·索特(Ben Sowter)去年承認(rèn)，這些大學(xué)排行榜是“按照英語(yǔ)系國(guó)家的大學(xué)模式而設(shè)計(jì)的”。
But D.D. Guttenplan quoted him in the IHT also saying that, with 3.4 million students studying outside their home countries, QS was committed to "helping international students make more informed choices."
但是記者D·D·古騰普蘭(D.D. Guttenplan)在《國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》(IHT)引述他的話說(shuō)，目前有340萬(wàn)學(xué)生在本國(guó)以外的學(xué)校留學(xué)，QS公司致力于“幫助國(guó)際學(xué)生做出更合理的選擇”。
As my Rendezvous colleague Mark McDonald wrote this year, "Many Chinese families hire agents to help them navigate the applications process, and an agent's fee can range up to $10,000, plus an equally large bonus if the student gets into a school highly ranked by U.S. News & World Report, the QS rankings and the so-called Shanghai List."
就像與我一起在《國(guó)際先驅(qū)導(dǎo)報(bào)》“Rendezvous”博客撰稿的同事馬克·麥克唐納(Mark McDonald)今年撰文指出的那樣，“許多中國(guó)家庭聘請(qǐng)留學(xué)中介，幫助他們辦理大學(xué)申請(qǐng)流程，每位中介的收費(fèi)最高可以達(dá)到1萬(wàn)美元，如果學(xué)生進(jìn)入在排行榜上位居前列的大學(xué)，比如《美國(guó)新聞世界報(bào)道》(U.S. News & World Report)、QS公司和所謂的上海排行榜，中介還能獲得同樣數(shù)額不菲的獎(jiǎng)金�！�
Traveling abroad to study has obvious attractions for students who want the best education available globally. There is also an economic incentive for the institutions themselves, and the countries that host them, in terms of fees and foreign earnings.
顯而易見(jiàn)，出國(guó)留學(xué)對(duì)那些想接受全球優(yōu)質(zhì)教育的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)很有吸引力。對(duì)于這些大學(xué)本身及其所在的國(guó)家而言，這也是學(xué)費(fèi)和外匯收入方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激因素。
But mobility depends on the readiness of governments to allow access to foreign students. QS's Ben Sowter told the BBC that tougher British visa rules for international students could deter some from applying to British universities.
然而，出國(guó)留學(xué)取決于各國(guó)政府是否愿意接受外國(guó)學(xué)生。QS公司研究主管本·索特向英國(guó)廣播公司(BBC)指出，英國(guó)更嚴(yán)格的簽證規(guī)定將讓部分國(guó)際學(xué)生放棄申請(qǐng)英國(guó)大學(xué)。
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