考研基礎(chǔ)階段該如何復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)
考研英語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)已經(jīng)拉開(kāi)了序幕，每年的3月至6月底我們稱之為基礎(chǔ)階段，考生們應(yīng)該規(guī)劃好復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研基礎(chǔ)階段英語(yǔ)指南攻略，歡迎大家前來(lái)閱讀。
考研基礎(chǔ)階段英語(yǔ)啟程規(guī)劃指導(dǎo)
首先我們來(lái)說(shuō)一下考研英語(yǔ)的題型分布：完形填空(10分)，傳統(tǒng)閱讀(40分)，新題型(10分)，翻譯(英語(yǔ)一10分，英語(yǔ)二15分。)，作文(小作文英語(yǔ)一10分，大作文20分;英語(yǔ)二小作文大作文15分。)雖然英語(yǔ)一和英語(yǔ)二在題目的分值和做題方法上有所區(qū)別，但在目前基礎(chǔ)階段，英語(yǔ)一和英語(yǔ)二考生都是打基礎(chǔ)的階段，沒(méi)有涉及到解題技巧因而沒(méi)有任何的區(qū)別，英語(yǔ)一和英語(yǔ)二考生的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該一致。那這個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)是什么呢?這個(gè)階段的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是主攻詞匯、長(zhǎng)難句和基礎(chǔ)閱讀。為什么呢?因?yàn)橥晷吞羁湛嫉木褪菃卧~就是搭配就是基礎(chǔ)。閱讀考的就是單詞和長(zhǎng)難句及解題思路。翻譯最根本要求也是處理長(zhǎng)難句，作文也就是將積累的詞匯長(zhǎng)難句和大量的知識(shí)輸出的過(guò)程。所有的題型都離不開(kāi)詞匯長(zhǎng)難句。那具體怎么復(fù)習(xí)呢?
一、 選定一本考研詞匯書(shū)，至少背2遍。
不管你選擇哪本詞匯書(shū)，一定要堅(jiān)持下來(lái)。根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，80%的考研同學(xué)第一遍背誦要花掉2個(gè)月，第二遍的時(shí)候只要1個(gè)月就能背完，第3遍7-10天。所以希望同學(xué)們堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持再堅(jiān)持。同時(shí)給出3條小建議：
1. 背考研詞匯書(shū)前，可以復(fù)習(xí)一下自己四級(jí)或6級(jí)的詞匯書(shū)�？梢栽俦骋槐�，看看以前的筆記。為什么呢?因?yàn)榭佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)單詞就包括了2000-3000的四級(jí)六級(jí)單詞。這遍查漏補(bǔ)缺的工作還是很重要的。
2. 背到自己認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的時(shí)候，從后往前看1-2個(gè)單詞釋義。為什么呢?因?yàn)榭佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀之所以很難選對(duì)答案的一個(gè)原因就是雖然單詞認(rèn)識(shí)，但是不知道這個(gè)單詞在語(yǔ)境中的'具體意思，也就是我們俗稱的單詞的熟詞僻意。如果遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞就從前往后背1-2個(gè)釋義。一定要注意整理筆記，要有自己的詞匯本。
3. 建議選的字典最好是有詞根記憶的。這樣可以幫我們用一個(gè)詞根記憶一串單詞，事半功倍。比如sist這個(gè)詞根是站的意思。那assist就是去站在旁邊也就是幫忙的意思。Persist 就是per(一直)+站著，也就是一直站著，表示堅(jiān)持以及持續(xù)。
4. 除了詞根，請(qǐng)大家注意前綴和后綴。為什么呢?2014年版英語(yǔ)一考試大綱第2頁(yè)明確說(shuō)到：“考試應(yīng)能掌握5500左右的詞匯以及相關(guān)附表中的內(nèi)容。“附表的內(nèi)容其中就包括62個(gè)前綴和54個(gè)后綴。
二、 夯實(shí)長(zhǎng)難句基礎(chǔ)
長(zhǎng)難句的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)所做的工作就是梳理大家從初中學(xué)到現(xiàn)在的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。明白5大語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象為后期復(fù)習(xí)工作做打算。
這里給大家一個(gè)梳理。比如句子成分(主干成分和修飾成分)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定時(shí)，分詞和動(dòng)名詞)、并列連詞(累積連詞，因果連詞，轉(zhuǎn)折連詞和選擇連詞)、三大從句(定從;名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句)以及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(虛擬語(yǔ)氣，省略，強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝)
基礎(chǔ)階段把肖老師給大家指出來(lái)的語(yǔ)法全學(xué)會(huì)即完成了這個(gè)階段的任務(wù)。
三、 具備基本的閱讀理解閱讀能力和邏輯思維
我們知道得閱讀者得天下。閱讀既然這么重要，那在基礎(chǔ)階段的時(shí)候我們就要開(kāi)始了。但是這個(gè)階段閱讀的重點(diǎn)是依托早期的真題(2000年以前的題)復(fù)習(xí)單詞和長(zhǎng)難句，學(xué)會(huì)一些簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀方法和解題技巧，比如定位，靈活運(yùn)用考研英語(yǔ)中的轉(zhuǎn)折和并列關(guān)系，如何精讀和略讀文章。這都是我們這個(gè)階段的重點(diǎn)。同時(shí)建議同學(xué)們一篇一篇的翻譯早期的文章。這是提高英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)很好的方法，貴在堅(jiān)持。
綜上所述，基礎(chǔ)階段重點(diǎn)即是詞匯，閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句以及基本的解題思路和閱讀能力。望大家復(fù)習(xí)成功。
考研英語(yǔ)備考攻略
第一，單詞周而復(fù)始，不放手
新大綱既已發(fā)布，對(duì)于大綱詞匯的掌握， 絕不能放松。曾有人做個(gè)這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)，將考綱中所有的詞匯在真題中一個(gè)一個(gè)的劃出來(lái)，劃到最后大綱中規(guī)定的詞匯在真題中都能復(fù)現(xiàn)，所以英語(yǔ)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)是放在真題里面的，不是單一的記憶詞匯，從真題出發(fā)，理解記憶，會(huì)效果更好，尤其是高頻詞，基礎(chǔ)詞和難點(diǎn)詞，在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中要進(jìn)行反復(fù)記憶，有方法的記憶。
第二，十年真題，反復(fù)細(xì)作
近十年的考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題對(duì)于備考來(lái)說(shuō)價(jià)值不菲，我們還曾建議考生留下最近三年的考題作為最后的模擬。其中，考研英語(yǔ)的閱讀在整張?jiān)嚲碇兴嫉谋戎刈畲螅?0分值的傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解題型，分值為10分的新題型也不簡(jiǎn)單。而且，從某種程度上說(shuō)，翻譯與完形填空的解答與閱讀能力的高低也有著直接的聯(lián)系。因此，提高閱讀能力，是考研英語(yǔ)備考的重中之重。對(duì)于真題中涉及到的每一篇文章，每一道題目，每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，都要從文字和精讀的角度，真正理解和掌握文章的單詞、句子，將答案中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與材料中、題干中的關(guān)鍵詞結(jié)合起來(lái)，仔細(xì)分析，找出其中的聯(lián)系，這就是思路。
第三，對(duì)錯(cuò)時(shí)常有，情緒要穩(wěn)定
當(dāng)偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的錯(cuò)題過(guò)多的時(shí)候，不要慌張，不到最后我們不能給自己設(shè)定結(jié)果。考題的難度勢(shì)必會(huì)凌駕于考生所掌握的知識(shí)總量之上的，考生要做的就是反復(fù)練習(xí)，規(guī)整思路，重新來(lái)做，在自己的能力范圍內(nèi)拿到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。之所以做錯(cuò)題目只能說(shuō)明自身對(duì)于真題的鉆研還不夠，每天我們都會(huì)做錯(cuò)很多題，但不要被正確和錯(cuò)誤題目的數(shù)量所干擾，堅(jiān)持正確的方法，繼續(xù)利用真題，踏踏實(shí)實(shí)提高自己。
英語(yǔ)考研大綱樣題
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some
mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) ________ Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
42) ________. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
43) ________ There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
44) ________. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
45) ________.
About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.
[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
[B]Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.
[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.
[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.
[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.
[F]When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea arid there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.
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