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英語寫作基礎(chǔ)方法附有練習(xí)

　　基礎(chǔ)是指建筑物地面以下的承重結(jié)構(gòu)，如基坑、承臺(tái)、框架柱、地梁等。是建筑物的墻或柱子在地下的擴(kuò)大部分，其作用是承受建筑物上部結(jié)構(gòu)傳下來的荷載，并把它們連同自重一起傳給地基。以下是小編為大家整理的英語寫作基礎(chǔ)方法附有練習(xí)，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助大家。

英語寫作基礎(chǔ)方法附有練習(xí)

　　英語寫作基礎(chǔ)方法附有練習(xí)1

　　在這個(gè)輔導(dǎo)中，我們要為同學(xué)們提供兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式練習(xí)用英語寫短文。第一種方式是中國式的“描紅模子”方法，另一種是“美式寫作訓(xùn)練法”。

　　我們曾說過，“冰凍三尺，非一日之寒”，用英語寫作，是積英語語言學(xué)習(xí)各項(xiàng)技能為一體的學(xué)習(xí)過程，需要長期不懈的練習(xí)，才能獲取基本的寫作技能。

　　希望同學(xué)們看完下面的練習(xí)方式后，能提出您的建議，說說喜歡采用什么樣的學(xué)習(xí)方式?我們盡量按照同學(xué)們的要求，為你們安排相應(yīng)的練習(xí)內(nèi)容。

　　二、美式寫作訓(xùn)練法

　　首先，你的短文題目是“吸煙有害健康嗎?”拿到題目首先要審題。題目是一個(gè)問題，要求你回答吸煙是否有害。無論你回答吸煙有害還是無害，都要求你舉例說明，最后還要有結(jié)論，這就是我們現(xiàn)在用的文字主教材《英語寫作基礎(chǔ)教程》文字教材中的主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容：說明文寫作中的`例證說明文，要求用例子來說明你的觀點(diǎn)。

　　好，我們下面開始“吸煙有害健康嗎?”的寫作練習(xí)。

　　首先，自問幾個(gè)問題：

　　1. 是否會(huì)用引文?

　　2. 是否會(huì)用實(shí)例和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來支持你的論點(diǎn)?

　　3. 是否有親身經(jīng)歷?

　　4. 是否會(huì)用說服性段落?

　　5. 是否會(huì)用正確的語態(tài)?

　　6. 是否會(huì)用條件句?

　　7. 是否善于參加小組討論?

　　接下來，我們看看回答：

　　1. 是否會(huì)用引文?

　　讓我們看一段學(xué)生的文字，看看他是怎么表達(dá)的：

　　Smoking is really harmful to both smokers and to the people around them. Smoking can destroy a smoker’s health since the smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals.(Slothower) Smoking causes many serious disease. Since smoking “reduces the effectiveness of the immune system,” smokers frequently are ill (Health Edco). In addition to destroying a smoker’s health, secondhand smoke can damage other people’s health, especially children’s one report stated that over 15% of children’s visits to a doctor and 20% of children’s lung infections(感染) were caused by secondhand smoke (California EPA). Secondhand smoke can even cause cavities(腔) in children since “saliva(唾液) can counteract the lactic(乳汁) acid, but passive smoking also causes throat inflammation(炎癥), which leads to mouth breathing, which dries out the mouth” (Kid’s Cavities). Smokers should think of themselves and others and stop smoking now.

　　注意, 用了參考文獻(xiàn)，要會(huì)正確的標(biāo)出參考文獻(xiàn)的出處：

　　Slothower, L., “50 Things You should Know About Tobacco.”Santa Cruz, CA: Journeyworks, 1999, Revised 2002:n.pag.

　　Health Edco 2000 WRS Group Ltd. Once You know the Facts About Smoking, n.pag.

　　California EPA. Final Report: Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, September 1997: n. pag.

　　“Kids’ Cavities Linked to Secondhand Smoke.” Washington Post, March 12, 2003:p. A8

　　請同學(xué)們認(rèn)真討論討論，這個(gè)參考文獻(xiàn)列出了不同形式載體的標(biāo)注方法，既有論文集式的，也有報(bào)紙和期刊類型的。看看這些不同載體的參考信息是怎么羅列的。注意這是國際通用的參考文獻(xiàn)寫法，同學(xué)們一定要按照這些文獻(xiàn)的寫法，訓(xùn)練自己的參考文獻(xiàn)基本功，不鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)們自己創(chuàng)新哦!

　　2. 是否會(huì)用實(shí)例和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來支持你的論點(diǎn)?

　　(數(shù)據(jù)表略)

　　一些數(shù)據(jù)：

　　“Two of the major health effects of cigarette smoking are emphysema and cancer. Emphysema destroys the lung’s ability to expand and contract …[In cancer], damaged cells reproduce rapidly forming clumps of cells called tumors. Tumors steal nutrition and energy from the rest of the body.”*

　　“Overall, nonsmoking wives of husbands who smoke have a 20% increased risk of lung cancer compared with women whose husbands don’t smoke. ”∨

　　“Cigarette smoke has more than 4,000 chemicals in it.” (P.1.)

　　“About 70% of people who smoke wish they could quit.” (p.3)

　　“Eighty percent of smokers started before they were 18 years old.”(P. 2)

　　……

　　參考文獻(xiàn)(略)

　　問題(3)(4)(5)(6)的回答略。

　　附加：

　　英語寫作練習(xí)題(一)

　　Emily將她的煩惱寫在了博客上并征求大家的建議。假如你是Chen Lin，請了解她的煩惱并寫出你的建議，要求字?jǐn)?shù)在60詞以上，建議的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總字?jǐn)?shù)。

　　建議應(yīng)該包括：(1)孩子應(yīng)尊重父母;(2)父母經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富;(3)父母的要求是對你的成長有好處的;(4)多同父母交流溝通。

　　Possible new words:respect v.&n.尊重;responsible adj.有責(zé)任感的;demand v.&n.要求

　　Here are Emily's problems on the Blog:

　　My problem is my parents. They never stop going on about(嘮叨)how I should keep my room clean, keep my hair tidy and wear smart clothes. They even make me do the washing-up after dinner every night! None of my friends have got such terrible parents. What should I do?

　　Emily,

　　USA

　　英語寫作練習(xí)題(二)

　　根據(jù)中文大意和英文提示詞語，寫出意思連貫、符合邏輯、不少于60詞的短文。所給英文提示詞語供選用。請不要寫出你的校名和姓名。

　　某英文報(bào)紙就農(nóng)民工子女(Migrent Workers'Children)話題征文，請你投稿。

　　假設(shè)農(nóng)民工子女李明是你的同學(xué)，兩年前他隨父母來到北京上學(xué)。他遇到了很多困難，例如：學(xué)習(xí)成績不好，同學(xué)不愿意與他同組學(xué)習(xí)，不愿意和他聊天等。為此，他很不開心。請你簡單介紹李明的情況，談?wù)勀愕目捶ㄒ约霸摓樗鲂┦裁础?/p>

　　英文提示詞語：a migrent workers' child, classmate, difficulties, grades/marks, same, a lot ……

　　范文：

　　One possible version:

　　Li Ming is a migrent workers’ child. He is one of my classmates. He came to school in Beijing with his parents two years ago. He met a lot of difficulties here, such as his grades are bad and some of his classmates won’t work in his group or have a talk with him. He is unhappy with that.

　　I don’t think they are right. Migrent workers have done a lot for us. They’ve cleaned our city and built roads and buildings for us. We shouldn’t look down upon their children.

　　I will regard him as one of my friends. I will not only help him with his study but also tell him how to get along with others. If he has time, I’d like to talk about everything with him and tell him to cheer up. (137 words)