2024年全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題
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全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題 1
Part C
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 51 —— 55, choose the most suitable one from the list [A] —— [ G ] to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams,52, and of a riverboat casino ( a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor eaming$ 35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $ 20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user s gambling activities. For Williams,those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin. "
(51) In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March
1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a" time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a "cease admissions" letter.
Noting the "medical/psychological" nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(52) .
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning : "Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head, not over it". Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was "helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to "lure" him to"engage in conduct against his will. " Well.
(53) .
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says "pathological gambling" involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(54) . Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(55) .
Forty-four states have lotteries,29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on--you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3.5 billion being lost on Internetwagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web s most profitable business.
A. Although no such evidence was presented, the casino s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
B. It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
C. By the time he had lost $ 5,000 he said to himseff that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5,500, but he did not quit.
D. Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
E. David Williams s suit should trouble this gambling nation, But don t bet on it.
F. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
G. The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Intemet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
參考譯文
印第安納,k11的埃文斯座落在俄亥俄河的北岸，它是52歲的大衛(wèi)·威廉姆斯的家鄉(xiāng)，也是一家河船賭場(chǎng)的所在地。就在這家賭場(chǎng)，威廉姆斯，一名年薪35，000美元的州政府審計(jì)員，幾年賭博下來(lái)，輸?shù)袅舜蠹s175，000美元。他以前從未進(jìn)行過(guò)賭博，后來(lái)賭場(chǎng)送給他一張價(jià)值20美元的賭博優(yōu)惠券，他便沾上了賭。
他第一次去賭場(chǎng)，輸?shù)袅四?0美元后就離開(kāi)了。第二次，他輸?shù)袅?00美元。賭場(chǎng)把他看作優(yōu)質(zhì)顧客，發(fā)給他一張“開(kāi)心卡”，在賭場(chǎng)使用時(shí)可贏得積分，換取食物和飲料。同時(shí)，該卡也可以使賭場(chǎng)跟蹤持卡人的賭博活動(dòng)。對(duì)威廉姆斯而言，這些賭博活動(dòng)成為他所謂的“電子毒煙”。
(51)輸?shù)?，000美元時(shí)，他對(duì)自己說(shuō)，如果能夠把輸?shù)舻腻X贏回來(lái)，就不賭了。一天晚上：他贏了5：500美元：但是并沒(méi)盔就此停手。1997年，他兩天之內(nèi)就在一臺(tái)賭錢機(jī)上輸?shù)袅?1，000美元。到了三月份，他又輸?shù)袅?2，186美元。有時(shí)候他同時(shí)在兩臺(tái)賭錢機(jī)上賭，通宵達(dá)旦.一直到早晨5點(diǎn)賭船靠岸，然后等到賭場(chǎng)上午9點(diǎn)開(kāi)放時(shí)他又回到船上繼續(xù)賭�，F(xiàn)在，他正起訴該賭場(chǎng)，指控其明明知道他已經(jīng)賭博上癮，就應(yīng)該阻止他繼續(xù)光顧。賭場(chǎng)的確知道他已經(jīng)賭博成癮。
1998年3月，威廉姆斯的一個(gè)朋友將他強(qiáng)制送進(jìn)了戒賭治療中心接受治療，并且寫信告知那家賭場(chǎng)有關(guān)威康姆斯賭博上癮的問(wèn)題。賭場(chǎng)將威廉姆斯的照片放入被禁止去賭博人員的名單中，并給他寫了一封“禁賭通知書(shū)”。通知書(shū)在指明賭博行為對(duì)人健康和心理造成危害的同時(shí)，還提到，如果他要再次光顧賭場(chǎng)，必須出示醫(yī)療或心理狀況信息。以證明光顧賭場(chǎng)不會(huì)對(duì)他的安全和健康造成任何威脅。
(52)盡管他沒(méi)有出示相關(guān)證明，賭場(chǎng)的市場(chǎng)部仍不斷地給他發(fā)郵件，而且他又進(jìn)入賭場(chǎng)并使用了開(kāi)心卡也無(wú)人察覺(jué)。
據(jù)《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道，那個(gè)賭場(chǎng)內(nèi)有24個(gè)警告標(biāo)志：“盡享歡樂(lè)…賭博時(shí)要用腦子，不要沖昏頭腦”。每張入場(chǎng)券上都印有印第安納州心理健康部門的免費(fèi)咨詢號(hào)碼。然而，威廉姆斯的訴訟指控賭場(chǎng)，明明知道他“不可救藥地沉溺于賭博”，仍然故意“引誘”他“做出違背自己意愿的行為”。
(53)不清楚到底是什么樣的誘惑使他做出這種不能自控的行為，而且在何種意義上他的意志才會(huì)起作用?
《心理疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》第四版中這樣寫道，“病態(tài)賭博行為”指的是持續(xù)地、反復(fù)地且無(wú)法自控地追求意外橫財(cái)，這種追求更多的是尋求冒險(xiǎn)刺激，并非僅僅是為了錢。
(54)令人不安的是，社會(huì)越來(lái)越傾向于用醫(yī)學(xué)的方法來(lái)處理行為問(wèn)題，過(guò)去更為嚴(yán)厲的前輩們解釋為“意志力薄弱”的行為，現(xiàn)在通常被定義為“沉溺癥”。在科學(xué)或者所謂“科學(xué)”的推動(dòng)下，社會(huì)正將之前被視為性格缺陷、道德淪喪的現(xiàn)象重新劃分為類似于生理障礙的人格疾病。
(55)賭博一直是美國(guó)人生活中的一個(gè)司空見(jiàn)慣的現(xiàn)象，但是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們通常把它視作是一種罪過(guò)或者一種社會(huì)疾病。而現(xiàn)在賭博卻成為一項(xiàng)社會(huì)政策：在美國(guó)，對(duì)賭博最重要、最積極的推動(dòng)者就是政府。
美國(guó)有44個(gè)州發(fā)行彩票，29個(gè)州開(kāi)設(shè)賭場(chǎng)，而且這些州大多在不同程度上依賴或者說(shuō)是“沉溺于”來(lái)自于賭博的收入。自從1995年第一家在線賭博網(wǎng)站建立以來(lái)，爭(zhēng)奪賭徒手中金錢的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)變得更加激烈�！缎侣勚芸瘆10月28日?qǐng)?bào)道說(shuō)，每周有200萬(wàn)賭徒光顧1，800家虛擬賭場(chǎng)。因今年共有35億美元丟到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)賭博中，賭博業(yè)已經(jīng)超過(guò)色情業(yè)成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)上利潤(rùn)最大的行業(yè)。
答案及解析
51.C 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。該空格位于第三段的開(kāi)頭，因此要結(jié)合上下文，注意其敘述或銜接關(guān)系�？崭袂昂蠖际窃谥v述威廉姆斯賭博的具體事例，且出現(xiàn)了大量的數(shù)字，由前文的$20和$800再到空格后的$21，000和$72，185，數(shù)字越來(lái)越大，這表明他越賭輸?shù)舻腻X就越多。由此可推斷，空白處也應(yīng)與他的輸贏或輸贏的數(shù)目有關(guān)。瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，只有C出現(xiàn)了數(shù)字$5，000 和$5，500，與前后文的數(shù)字形成照應(yīng)。另外，從邏輯關(guān)系上看，空格前一句提到，威廉姆斯稱這些賭博活動(dòng)為“電子毒煙”，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容該是具體說(shuō)明他是如何逐步賭博成癮的，這由輸錢金額的漸增體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。C選項(xiàng)的事實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)與上下文在邏輯表達(dá)方向上一致。
52.A 【解析】本題是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系題。該空格出現(xiàn)在第五段，要求填入一個(gè)完整的段落�？崭袂暗膬�(nèi)容談到在朋友寫信告知那家賭場(chǎng)有關(guān)威廉姆斯賭博上癮的問(wèn)題后，賭場(chǎng)似乎已經(jīng)盡到了它的義務(wù)：將其列入了禁止進(jìn)入賭場(chǎng)的名單，并提到他若再次進(jìn)入此賭場(chǎng)需出示相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)和心理學(xué)信息，以證明光顧賭場(chǎng)不會(huì)對(duì)他的安全和健康造成任何威脅。但實(shí)際上從下一段內(nèi)容得知，賭場(chǎng)在明知他上癮的情況下并未采取行動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)A段落即由“al-though”引起轉(zhuǎn)折，提到盡管威廉姆斯沒(méi)有提供相關(guān)證據(jù)，但還是頻頻收到賭場(chǎng)市場(chǎng)部的郵件，而且進(jìn)入賭場(chǎng)使用開(kāi)心卡也無(wú)人察覺(jué)，繼續(xù)說(shuō)明了賭場(chǎng)的行為：表面上禁止，卻仍在暗中鼓勵(lì)他賭博。如此一來(lái)，與之前內(nèi)容構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。另外，該選項(xiàng)中的“Although no such evidence was presented”和上文中的“he would have to present medical/psychological information”語(yǔ)義上銜接緊密，“such evidence”與“medical/psychological informa-tion”形成合理的指代關(guān)系，構(gòu)成篇章的一致性。
53.B 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。該空格出現(xiàn)在第七段，也要求填入一個(gè)完整的段落。空格前面談到威廉姆斯對(duì)賭場(chǎng)的控訴，明明知道賭徒已經(jīng)“不可救藥地沉溺于賭博”仍然故意“引誘”(1ure)他“做出違背自己意愿(will)的行為”�？崭窈笠鲆粋�(gè)新話題介紹“病態(tài)賭博行為”的一個(gè)定義。按照邏輯關(guān)系，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與上一段或下一段相關(guān)。瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)B中“…what luring was required…was his will operative”再次出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ure”和“will”，對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步作了補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明，且提出問(wèn)題讓下一段回答，正好起到了承上啟下的作用。F項(xiàng) 雖然也再次出現(xiàn)了前一句的“will”，但“用醫(yī)學(xué)的方法來(lái)處理行 為問(wèn)題”與前一段語(yǔ)義上不銜接，故排除。G項(xiàng)提到了“compul-sive behavior”，但其中的新話題“在線賭博”也與上文不銜接。
54.F 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。該空格屬于第九段的段首句。空格前面提到了“病態(tài)賭博行為”的'一個(gè)定義�？崭窈髣t指出“socie-ty is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.”社會(huì)對(duì)性格缺陷或道德淪喪的新看法。即上下文都從理論上談及賭博，與賭場(chǎng)或賭徒的具體行為不相關(guān)，所以可以排除A、C、E三項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文的銜接關(guān)系又可將D、G兩項(xiàng)排除，因?yàn)槠渲?都引入了新信息：政府與網(wǎng)上賭博。8項(xiàng)的“compulsive behav-ior”雖與前面的“uncontrollable”相呼應(yīng)，卻與下文沒(méi)有任何關(guān) 聯(lián)。而F項(xiàng)內(nèi)容上也談到了社會(huì)對(duì)意志力薄弱這一行為的新看 法，與前后文都具有意義和邏輯上的一致性。此外，該選項(xiàng)的 “defining as…”與空格后的“reclassifying…as…”結(jié)構(gòu)類似，且 “medicalize”與上文的“diagnostic，mental disorders，pathologi-cal”和空格后的“physical”都是屬于醫(yī)學(xué)范疇的詞;“weakness of will”與空格后的“character flaws”這一信息相關(guān)。
55.D 【解析】本題是順接關(guān)系題。此空格出現(xiàn)在第十段，要求填入一個(gè)完整的段落�？崭袂懊嬷饕榻B了社會(huì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)“病態(tài)賭博行為”的定義。空格后面則具體描述了賭博在美國(guó)的發(fā)展情況以及導(dǎo)致這一現(xiàn)象的原因。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系分析，空格處的內(nèi)容可 能會(huì)起到承上啟下的作用。分析各選項(xiàng)，可發(fā)現(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)的第一 句內(nèi)容“…a common feature of American life…a sin，or a social disease”正好承接上文，和下文的具體例子之間也構(gòu)成了總結(jié)例證的邏輯關(guān)系，其中“a sin，or a social disease”與前一句的“char-acter flaws or moral failings”相照應(yīng);第二句則引出了下一段所描述的賭博業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的現(xiàn)象，且“government”與下一段首句的“states”照應(yīng)。
全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題 2
【閱讀練習(xí)】
Nowadays, is it possible to tell a persons class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __2__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a price within most peoples reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.
A) available
B) background
C) different
D) tall
E) totally
F) taken
G) descriptions
H) degree
I) clues
J) alone
K) appear
L) consider
M) full
N) hobby
O)fetched
【答案】
1、選J)。此處應(yīng)填副詞�？蛇x項(xiàng)有totally和alone，由前一句中just可推出，外表上的細(xì)節(jié)僅僅能告訴我們這個(gè)人的健康狀況，平時(shí)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況以及他所從事的工作而不能看出他所處的階級(jí)，故排除totally而選alone“惟一”。
2、選D)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。因此此句和前一句是在將以前的工人階級(jí)和上層階級(jí)的身體狀況進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故此處應(yīng)填與small“矮的”意思相反的詞，選項(xiàng)中只有tall符合題意。而full“豐滿的”不能用來(lái)修飾sporting types,故排除。
3、選G)。此處應(yīng)填名詞�，F(xiàn)在的生活和工作條件改善了，情況已經(jīng)不同了。而such指代的是上文中對(duì)一百年以前工人階級(jí)和上層階級(jí)的身體狀況的身體狀況的描述，故descriptions“描述”符合題意。
4、選B)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”，選項(xiàng)中有background和hobby，選background“人的背景，社會(huì)階層”，符合文章主題。
5、選I)。由as well可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞且與本段首句中的informaiton的'意思相近，選項(xiàng)中只有clues“線索”符合題意。
6、選K)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的原形。選項(xiàng)中有appear和consider,appear可直接接不定式;而consider帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，consider后面得接賓語(yǔ)，故選appear。
7、選F)。這句中this指代bright colour，句子主干是any opportunity is...�？蛇x項(xiàng)有taken和fetched,take“抓住”則可以與opportunity搭配，但fetch“拿來(lái)”不能與opportunity構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，故排除fetched而選taken。
8、選A)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。句子意思是“衣服的價(jià)錢......，大多數(shù)人都買得起�！边x項(xiàng)中只有available“可以接受的”符合題意。
9、選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。由a price within most peoples reach可推出，此處新衣服向外界顯示的是穿衣者的富裕程度，故選擇degree“程度”。
10、選C)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。由new fashions和feel important可推出工人階級(jí)想通過(guò)穿衣來(lái)改變他們，而選項(xiàng)中只有different“與眾不同的”符合此意，故選擇C)。
全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題 3
Part II Reading Comprehension
(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保護(hù)區(qū)) (ANWR) to help secure Americas energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWRs oil would help ease Californias electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the countrys energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之財(cái)) in tax revenues, royalties (開(kāi)采權(quán)使用費(fèi)) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “Weve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease Americas energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWRs impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden States electricity output—and just 3% of the nations.
21. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A) It will exhaust the nations oil reserves.
B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.
C) It will help reduce the nations oil imports.
D) It will increase Americas energy consumption.
22. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry ________.
A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields
B) tends to exaggerate Americas reliance on foreign oil
C) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR
D) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia
23. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that ________.
A) it can cause serious damage to the environment
B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
C) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region
D) it will not have much commercial value
24. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para. 3)?
A) Oil exploitation takes a long time
B) The oil drilling should be delayed
C) Dont be too optimistic
D) Dont expect fast returns
25. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWRs frozen earth ________.
A) remains a controversial issue
B) is expected to get under way soon
C) involves a lot of technological problems
D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
“Tear ‘em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee (裁判)!”
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But lets not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含義) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent “is “adversary “: “enemy “; “one who opposes your interests.” “Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate ones intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a players request for a time out for a glove change
because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponents international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”
26. Which of the following statements best expresses the authors view?
A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
B) The words people use can influence their behavior.
C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.
27. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players ________.
A) are too eager to win
B) are usually short-tempered and easily offended
C) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
D) treat their rivals as enemies
28. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
A) He refused to continue the game.
B) He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
C) He claimed that the referee was unfair.
D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.
29. According to the passage, players, in a game, may ________.
A) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
B) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
C) lie down on the ground as an act of protest
D) kick the ball across the court with force
30. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ________.
A) calling on players to use clean language on the court
B) raising the referees sense of responsibility
C) changing the attitude of players on the sports field
D) regulating the relationship between players and referees
全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題 4
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.
a.traffic accidents
b.smoking-related desease
c.murder
d.all of these
2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.
a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000
3.By "dropout" the author means______.
a.students who failed the examination
b.students who left school
c.students who lost their way
d.students who were driven out of school
4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.
a.NCI has taken effective measures
b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
d.none of these
5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.
a.smoking rates among youth have declined very little
b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
c.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
d.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds
答案：bdbdb
全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題 5
Part II Reading Comprehension
(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Ive been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍縱即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that youve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
57. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.
A) no one can be both creative and critical
B) they cannot be regarded as equally important
C) they are in constant conflict with each other
D) one cannot use them at the same time
58. What prevents people from writing on is ________.
A) putting their ideas in raw form
B) attempting to edit as they write
C) ignoring grammatical soundness
D) trying to capture fleeting thoughts
59. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?
A) To organize ones thoughts logically.
B) To choose an appropriate topic.
C) To get ones ideas down.
D) To collect raw materials.
60. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.
A) it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B) it takes too much time to edit afterwards
C) it may bring about too much criticism
D) it does not help them to think clearly
61. In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?
A) It refines his writing into better shape.
B) It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C) It saves the writing time available to him.
D) It allows him to sit on the side and observe.
全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)題 6
Part II Reading Comprehension
(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.
Erosion (侵蝕) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.
Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.
11. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?
A) The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.
B) The experts lack of knowledge.
C) The rising of the sea level.
D) The washing-away of limestone cliffs.
12. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ________.
A) will soon become a problem for people living in central England
B) has now become a threat to the local residents
C) is quickly changing the map of England
D) can be stopped if proper measures are taken
13. The experts study on the problem of erosion can ________.
A) lead to its eventual solution
B) provide an effective way to slow it down
C) help to prevent it from worsening
D) warn people whose homes are in danger
14. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________.
A) it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areas
B) the government is too slow in taking action
C) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents
D) house agents along the coast do not support the idea
15. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ________.
A) be aware of the potential danger involved
B) guard against being cheated by the house agent
C) take the quality of the house into consideration
D) examine the house carefully before making a decision
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (運(yùn)動(dòng)員). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning abut oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect
on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
16. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ________.
A) to make sports less competitive
B) to make sports more challenging
C) to reduce their mental stress
D) to increase their sense of success
17. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that ________.
A) it can help them learn more about society
B) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
C) it enables them to find flaws in themselves
D) it can provide them with valuable experiences
18. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.
A) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
B) in order to make them remember lifes lessons
C) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
D) so as to put more pressure on them
19. According to the passage parents and coaches should ________.
A) help children to win every game
B) pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
C) enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
D) train children to cope with stress
20. The authors purpose in writing the passage is ________.
A) to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
B) to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
C) to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
D) to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
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