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公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題（通用6套）
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，我們總免不了要接觸或使用試題，借助試題可以更好地考查參試者所掌握的知識和技能。那么一般好的試題都具備什么特點(diǎn)呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題 1
Part A
Directions :
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEETl.
Text 1
It was fifteen past nine as Marie hurried into the office building where she was going to work.
Her bus had inched along through heavy morning traffic, making her a few minutes late for her very
first job. She decided to start out half an hour earlier the next day.
Once inside the lobby, she had to stand at the elevators and wait several minutes before she
could get on one going to the sixth floor. When she finally reached the office marked "Smith Enter-
prises" , she knocked at the door nervously and waited. There was no reply. She tapped on the door
again, but still there was no answer. From inside the next office, she could hear the sound of
voices, so she opened the door and went in.
Although she was sure it was the same office she had been in two weeks before when she had
the interview with Mr. Smith, it looked quite different now. In fact, it hardly looked like an office
at all. The employees were just standing around chatting and smoking. In the front of the room,
somebody must have just told a good joke, she thought, because there was a loud burst of laughter as
she came in. For a moment she had thought they were laughing at her.
Then one of the men looked at his watch, clapped his hands and said something to the others.Quickly they all went to their desks and, in a matter of seconds, everyone was hard at work. No one paid any attention to Marie. Finally she went up to the man who was sitting at the desk nearest to the door and explained that this was her first day in the office. Hardly looking up from his work, he told her to have a seat and wait for Mr. Smith, who would arrive at any moment. Then Marie realized that the days work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived. Later she found out that he lived in Connecticut and came into Manhattan on the same train every morning, arriving in the office at 9:35,so that his staff knew exactly when to start working.
46. Marie felt nervous when she knocked at the door because _ .
[A] it was her first day in a new job
[B] she was a little bit late for work
[C] she was afraid that she had gone to the wrong place
[D] there was no answer from inside the office
47. Marie could hardly recognize the office she went into as .
[A] she had been there only once
[B] Mr. Smith was not in the office
[C] nobody was doing any work
[D] the office had a new appearance
48. The people in the office suddenly started working because .
[A] they saw a stranger in the office
[B] their morning break was ended
[C] no one wanted to talk to Marie
[D] the boss was about to arrive
49. We can infer from the text that the employees of the enterprise . .
[A] would start their work by listening to a joke
. [B] were cold to newcomers
[C] were always punctual for work
[D] lacked devotion to the company
50. The best title for this text would be. .
[A] Punctual Like a Clock
[B] A Cold Welcome
[C] An Unpunctual Manager
[D] Better Late Than Never
Text 2
For most of us, dieting is a frustrating fact of life. With so much conflicting nutritional information about, it can be difficult to tell which weight-loss strategies really work. Let s start by discounting these confusing myths.
1. All calories are created equal
What you eat, not how much, is the main factor behind weight gain, according to research.Calories from fat pack on the pounds. The reason: during digestion, the body burns many more calories metabolizing protein and carbohydrates than it does metabolizing fat.
2. Desserts are taboo
Cakes, pies and ice cream can sensibly be worked into a diet, the expert says. Moderation is the key. CVt down on other meals if youll be eating out at a restaurant known for its rich sweets.Or indulge, but take only a few bites.
3. Fast foods are forbidden
A plain hamburger on a bun is still a healthful choice. So is grilled chicken or a green salad with low-cal dressing. But watch out for French fries, milkshakes and batter-dipped chicken or fish.
4. Fasting is the fastest diet
Some studies suggest that drastically reducing calorie intake switches the body into a " starvation
mode", which conserves calories and decreases your metabolic rate. The more frequently you deprive yourself of food, the better your body may get at storing calories. So, in the long run, repeated fasting may actually undermine your weight-loss efforts.
5. To keep weight off, simply watch what you eat .
According to experts, exercise combined with dieting ensures weight Joss better than dieting alone does. Experts also agree that sticking with regular, moderate exercise is more important that occasional vigorous workouts are. Obesity-researcher Kelly Brownell encourages patients to make a series of small physical efforts: taking the stairs instead of the elevator and parking the car far from where you are going and walking.
Most important, before getting caught up in dietary myths, let good sense shape your eating habits. Your body will thank you for it.
51. It cannot be inferred from the first paragraph that _ .
[A] the information about dieting is always- contradictory
[B] there are too many weight-loss strategies to choose from
[C] dieting is always troublesome to most people
[D] people should not believe the ideas of dieting
52. One of the elements to gain weight is _ .
[A] the amount of the food you eat
[B] over sleeping
[C] laziness
[D] the kind of food you eat
53. Which of the following saying is true about dieting?
[A] You cant eat sweets.
[B] Fast foods are not good.
[C] You should not neglect any meals.
[D] Fasting is always helpful
54. The phrase "starvation mode" means .
[A] being very hungry
[B] eating what you like when you are hungry
[C] weight-loss efforts
[D] being ready to eat
55. The word "shape" in the last sentence means .
[A] break [B] form
[C] get rid of [D] change
Text 3
Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment,so it includes employees and the self-employed. Labor is one of the countrys resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services required by the community. .
Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population,there are several other aspects which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work,then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution.If the population grows rapidly from natural increase,i. e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths,then as a total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines.
Sometimes a population is described as aging,which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly,and as people retire from the workforce, there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.
The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce,this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels,finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population,then the government tax receipts are relatively low and either the govemment has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
56. Labor force is composed of .
[A] people who are available to work and earn income
[B] self-employed people only
[C] only those who are looking for an employment
[D] only the employees
57. The factor which does NOT influence the size of the worldorce is _ .
[A] the size of population
[B] age distribution of the population
[C] national economy
[D] natural increase
58. The conclusion which can be drawn safely from the second paragraph is that _
[A] a population growth from natural increase leads to a greater proportion of the work-force
[B] a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce
[C] the larger the number of the aged in a population,the higher the proportion of the workforce
[D] if the population has an evenly spreaded age distribution,the workforce will be lower
59. When a population is said to be aging,_ .
[A] more people are retiring than people entering the workforce
[B] the birth rate is growing
[C] there is an oversupply of workforce
[D] young people outnumber old people
60. The population which is top-heavy with older people poses a problem to _ .
[A] the government [B] the economy
[C] the workforce [D] all of the above
Part B
Directions :
Read the following discussion. among five people about workplace dress, for questions 61 t0 65,match the name of each person. (61 t0 65) to one of the statements (A to G ) given below. Mark you answers on. you.r ANSWER SHEETl.
Marian :
I have a friend who is a team leader of about 25 employees who are primarily women. She s found a trick that works for her most of the time, but -not always. Those staff who appear in much less than professional dressing are asked if their mother and father would think appropriate a picture of them dressed in what they believe is "OK" for work. If they say "yes", she then takes a picture and asks them to send it home. Having a camera helps. Having a visual proof drives her message home.
Catherine :
I think it really boils down to a moral question. Is it morally "right" to use our body to move ahead in business? Or should we instead emphasize intelligence, capabilities, creative and independent thought, professionalism, and other such qualities which many, many women possess, but whom are routinely neglected for promotions and are never glorified or emphasized in our culture. It s okay to be a tough, competent lawyer like Ally Mcbeal, but you wont get noticed unless you look good in really short skirts. Having a nice body is a plus, but I think that there are tons and tons of styles of dress which can show off a nice body in a professional way.
Roget:
A lot of employees have finally gotten the message about inappropriate (不合適的) dress-down items such as jeans, shorts, revealing tops, etc. They are starting to wear the proper dress-down clothes. However, wearing the appropriate dress-down clothes doesn t mean youre excused from ironing and its certainly no license to wear dirty clothes. Wash and iron people! And guys, tuck your shirts in and put on a pair of socks!
Briggs:
I work in a large company that has adopted the business code. They have an outline of what is acceptable and what is not. On it you find the typical, no blue jeans, no mini-skirts, no bare feet or legs and that type of thing. I guess I agree with Jessica. Anyone with common sense knows how to dress appropriately for whatever environment he or she works in. I am a casual person by nature but I tend to wear the business dress in my office. I do see some people in my building wearing casually and they look strange there.
BiH:
Youre forgetting the most important point-its "their" business. They are the ones who have put financial resources on the line: who have a whole bunch to lose if the business goes bad: who are providing employment for others. Therefore, they get to make the rules. If that includes a dress code, then thats their right. If youd like a different dress code-start your own business.
Now match each of the people (61 t0 65) to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
61.Marian [A] We shall not be moved.
62. Catherine [B] Money means freedom.
63. Roget [C] Photos taking are pleasant.
64. Briggs [D] There are people who are so careless about dressing.
65. Bill [E] Action speaks louder than words.
[F] It is our society that must be blamed.
[G] You should wear appropriately where you are.
Part A
Text1
參考譯文
9點(diǎn)15的時(shí)候，瑪麗急匆匆地走進(jìn)她工作的辦公大樓。她乘坐的公車在早晨高峰期，慢得像蝸牛一樣。所以她第一天上班就遲到了幾分鐘。她決定明天提前半個(gè)小時(shí)出門。
她走進(jìn)大廳后，不得不站在電梯那兒等上幾分鐘才能搭上電梯上6樓。當(dāng)她最終到達(dá)標(biāo)著“史密斯企業(yè)”的辦公室時(shí)，她緊張地敲了敲門，等待著，但沒人應(yīng)。她又敲了兩下還是沒人應(yīng)。她聽到隔壁的辦公室里傳出說話聲，于是她打開門，走了進(jìn)去。
雖然她肯定這就是兩周以前她接受史密斯先生面試的那間辦公室，但現(xiàn)在變化真的很大。實(shí)際上，這里根本就不像辦公室。雇員們在四下里站著，邊抽煙邊聊天。她猜一定是有人在屋子的前面講了個(gè)很有趣的笑話，因?yàn)樗哌M(jìn)來的時(shí)候那邊爆發(fā)出很大的笑聲。剛開始她還以為他們在笑她。
這時(shí)有個(gè)男人看了看表，拍了拍手并對其他人講了幾句話。在幾秒鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)，每個(gè)人都迅速地回到他們的辦公桌旁，開始努力工作起來。沒有人注意到瑪麗。最后，她走向靠門口辦公的一位男士，向他說明她是第一天上班。那人幾乎連頭都沒抬，只讓她坐下等史密斯先生，他隨時(shí)都可能走進(jìn)來。稍后她意識到原來員工們每天的工作都是在史密斯先生走進(jìn)來的前一刻才開始的。一段時(shí)間以后，瑪麗得知史密斯先生住在康涅狄格，每天早晨都乘同一趟火車來曼哈頓，9:35到達(dá)辦公室，所以他的員工很清楚該什么時(shí)候開始工作。
答案及解析
46.B【解析】第一天上班遲到，所以緊張。
47.D【解析】由第三段中“…it looked quite different now”可以看出，辦公室和以前相比，變化很大，答案選D。
48.D【解析】由末段中“Then Marie realized that the days work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived”可知選D.
49.D【解析】顯而易見該公司職員對公司缺乏奉獻(xiàn)精神。
50.A【解析】標(biāo)題的選擇應(yīng)言簡意賅，同時(shí)也可表達(dá)出作者的某種感情色彩，如本文中作者的諷刺意味比較濃。
Text 2
參考譯文
對大多數(shù)人來說，節(jié)食是人生中一件煩人的事情。由于眾多有關(guān)營養(yǎng)方面的信息相互矛盾，要講出哪一種減肥措施真正奏效不是件容易的事。先讓我們從解開這些擾人的謎團(tuán)開始。
1.所有食物產(chǎn)生的熱量都是一樣的。
吃什么而不是吃多少是長胖的主要原因。來自脂肪的熱量(卡路里)使體重增加。原因是：在消化過程中，身體對蛋白質(zhì)和碳水化合物的代謝比對脂肪的代謝要消耗更多的熱量。
2.餐后甜食是大忌。
蛋糕、餡餅和冰淇淋可以合理地加進(jìn)日常飲食。關(guān)鍵在于適度。如果你要去一家以甜食著稱的飯店吃飯，那么你要在其他幾頓飯上少吃點(diǎn)�；蛘卟患庸�(jié)制，但只能吃幾小塊。
3.禁用快餐食品。
面包夾一塊純精牛肉是有益健康的可供選擇的食品。同樣可以選擇烤雞或拌有低卡調(diào)料的綠色色拉。但是要小心法式油炸土豆條，奶昔和粘有用雞蛋和牛奶調(diào)制成的面糊的雞肉或魚肉。
4.禁食是最見效的減肥法。
一些研究表明：迅猛地減少卡路里的攝入量可使你的身體處于一種“饑餓狀態(tài)”，這既保存了卡路里又使你的新陳代謝速度減慢。你越不讓自己吃東西，你的身體就越會儲存熱量。因此，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，反復(fù)禁食也許實(shí)際上是在破壞你減肥努力的成果。
5.要減肥只需注重你的飲食。
根據(jù)專家的看法，鍛煉結(jié)合節(jié)食比單獨(dú)注重節(jié)食更能做到減肥。專家們也同意堅(jiān)持經(jīng)常而又適度的鍛煉比偶爾做些大運(yùn)動(dòng)量的鍛煉更重要。肥胖病研究者 K鼓勵(lì)病人做一系列少量的身體活動(dòng)：以爬樓梯代替坐電梯;把車停得盡量遠(yuǎn)一些。最重要的是，不要相信關(guān)于飲食的一些不經(jīng)之談，讓理智決定你的飲食習(xí)慣。你的身體會因此而感謝你。
答案及解析
51.D【解析】本題是推理題，因A、B、C項(xiàng)均可以從文中推出，D則不能.故選D。
52.D【解析】本題是細(xì)節(jié)推理題，從對第—個(gè)謎團(tuán)的破解中可推知答案。
53.C【解析】本題是推理判斷題，考查對全文的整體把握。可用排除法，因A、B、D項(xiàng)均不對，故選C。
54.A【解析】本題考查對詞匯的掌握。starvation mode意為“饑餓狀態(tài)，”故選A。
55.B【解析】本題考查對詞匯的掌握，shape做動(dòng)詞對有“便成形”的意思，故選B。
Text 3
參考譯文
勞動(dòng)力指的是能夠進(jìn)行工作并獲取報(bào)酬的人的總數(shù)。這一定義包括所有已經(jīng)有工作和尋找有償職業(yè)的人，所以它包括雇員和個(gè)體經(jīng)營者。勞動(dòng)力是一個(gè)國家的'資源之一，和其他資源結(jié)合后就可以提供社會所需要的商品和服務(wù)了。
盡管勞動(dòng)力的數(shù)量很大程度上取決于國家的總?cè)丝跀?shù)，但其他方面的因素也會對它造成影響�？�?cè)丝诘哪挲g分布對現(xiàn)有勞動(dòng)力有顯著影響。如果人口中有很大一部分是由于太年輕或太老而無法工作的人，可用勞動(dòng)力的數(shù)量就要少于年齡分布均勻的人口。如果人口的自然增長速度過快，也就是說出生人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過死亡人數(shù)，那么總?cè)丝跀?shù)量增加而勞動(dòng)力的比率則下降。
有時(shí)，一個(gè)國家的人口會被描述成老齡化的人口，這就是說出生率下降或者上升的速度都很緩慢，沒有足夠多的年輕人來填補(bǔ)退休勞動(dòng)力的空缺。人口年齡分布因?yàn)槔夏耆藬?shù)量多而變得不均衡。所以，出生人口增長得過快或過緩，勞動(dòng)力占總?cè)丝诘谋嚷识紩陆怠?/p>
人口年齡分布狀況對經(jīng)濟(jì)有幾個(gè)重要影響。如果人口正在老化，退休的人數(shù)增加的同時(shí)就業(yè)的人數(shù)卻沒有相應(yīng)的增加，就會衍生出沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)能力為退休人口提供適當(dāng)社會服務(wù)的問題。如果老年人得在特定的福利院或是療養(yǎng)院接受照顧，社會就必須為此提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支持。如果勞動(dòng)力人數(shù)相對于總?cè)丝跀?shù)較小，政府的稅收也會相應(yīng)較少，結(jié)果就是或者政府沒有足夠的錢為老年人提供福利，或者勞動(dòng)者的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)加重。
答案及解析
56.A【解析】由文中首句對labor force的定義可知選A。
57.C【解析】由第二、三段可知影響勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模的因素有the size of population,age distribution of the population以及natural increase.
58.B 【解析】第二段主要論述age disrribution對于勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模的影響。
59.A【解析】見第三段的第一句話。
60.D【解析】由末段可知old people過分增加，會給三方面造成影響：the govemment,the economy以及the workforce.
Part B
參考譯文：
下面幾段文字闡述了對于在工作場合穿著過于隨意的幾種不同觀點(diǎn)。
瑪麗安：我有一個(gè)朋友領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著一個(gè)有25名員工的工作組，其中大部分都是女性。她想到一個(gè)“小詭對”.這個(gè)“小詭計(jì)”在大部分時(shí)候都是有用但不是所有時(shí)候都有用。她會問那些穿著過于隨便的衣服來上班的人她們的父母是否會欣賞她們上班時(shí)聞所穿的自認(rèn)為“還行”的衣服。如果她們回答說“是”，那么我的朋友會給她們拍照片然后讓她們寄回家。照相機(jī)能幫上忙，視覺上的證據(jù)把她要傳達(dá)的信息帶回家。
凱瑟琳：我認(rèn)為這歸結(jié)到一個(gè)道德問題，從道德上來說，用我們的身體來使生意有所進(jìn)展，是對的嗎?還是我們應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)明智、能力、創(chuàng)造力和獨(dú)立思維、專業(yè)以及其他品質(zhì)?很多女性都擁有這些品質(zhì)，但是她們在我們的文化中不會受到推崇或重視，晉升無份。成為Ally Mcbeal那樣強(qiáng)悍且有能力的律師也不錯(cuò)，但是你只有穿上超短裙看起來很漂亮才會被人關(guān)注。擁有漂亮的身體是一種優(yōu)勢，但是我認(rèn)為有無數(shù)的衣服能以職業(yè)的方式突顯漂亮的身體。
羅杰：許多雇員最終收到了著裝不合適的信息，比如說牛仔、短褲、暴露的上裝等等。他們開始穿比較合適的休閑裝上班。然而，穿合適的休閑裝并不意味著不需要熨衣服，當(dāng)然穿臟衣服也是不行的。真該把這些人洗一洗，熨一熨!男同胞們，把你們的襯衫扎進(jìn)褲子里，并且穿上襪子。
布里格斯：我在一家引進(jìn)了商業(yè)規(guī)則的大公司上班。公司對哪些衣著可以接受和哪些衣著不可接受有規(guī)定。你會從中發(fā)現(xiàn)很典型的一些規(guī)定。不準(zhǔn)穿藍(lán)色牛仔，不準(zhǔn)穿迷你裙，不準(zhǔn)赤腳或露腿，諸如此類。我同意杰西卡的說法。有常識的人都知道該怎樣寄著才能與自己所工作的環(huán)境相適應(yīng)。我生性隨意，但是在辦公室我會穿職業(yè)裝。我在公司大樓里見過穿得很隨便的人，他們在這種環(huán)境下顯得很怪。
比爾：你忘了最重要的一點(diǎn)，那是他們自己的事情，是他們拿著財(cái)政資源去冒險(xiǎn)，如果生意不好的話，他們會傾家蕩產(chǎn)。他們給別人提供就業(yè)機(jī)會，如此，他們就能制定規(guī)則，如果這些規(guī)則也包括了衣著規(guī)定，那么那也是他們的權(quán)利。如果你喜歡別的衣著方式，那就自己開公司。
答案及解析：61.E 62.F 63.D 64.G 65.B
公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題 2
section i listening comprehension (25 minutes)
directions： this .section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken english. you will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. there are two parts in this section， part a and part b.
remember， while you are doing the test， you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. at the end of the listening comprehension section， you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your answer sheet 1.
if you have any questions， you may raise your hand now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. now look at part a in your test booklet.
part a
you will hear 10 short dialogues. for each dialogue， there is one question and four possible answers. choose the correct answer-a， b， c or d， and mark it in your test booklet. you will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue only once.
example：
you will hear：
w： could you please tell me if the beijing flight will be arriving on time?
m：yes， madam. it should be arriving in about ten minutes.
you will read：
who do you think the woman is talking to?
a bus conductor.
a clerk at the airport.
a taxi driver.
a clerk at the station.
from the dialogue， we know that only a clerk at the airport is most likely to know the arrival time of a flight， so you should choose answer and mark it in your test booklet.
sample answer：
now look at question 1.
1. what do the girls have in common?
both of them are going to zimbabwe.
they are both from africa.
they are of the same age.
they are interested in african art.
2. what do we learn from this conversation?
mr. smith is the new manager. the manager is a man.
the former manager has left. the manager is not here.
3. what does the woman want to know?
where to board the plane. where to find a telephone.
the flight number. the departure time.
4. what does the woman mean?
she doesn‘ t want to ask mr. jackson herself.
she doesn ‘ t want to work for mr. jackson.
mr. jackson may have broken the tape recorder.
mr. jackson might fix the tape recorder.
5. what does the woman mean?
they don‘t have to go to the concert. his brother s
公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題 3
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards，from(31) ___praise to cold cash，affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists，(32) ___research the relation(33) ___actions and their consequences argue that rewards Can improve performance at work and school.Cognitive researchers，who study various aspects of mental life，maintain(34) ___rewards often destroy creativity(35) ___encouraging dependence(36) ___approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters，especially(37) ___educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks(38) ___in grade-school children，suggesting(39) ___properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness，(40) ___to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy.
“If kids know they’re working for a(41) ___and can focus(42)——a relatively challenging task，they show the most creativity”，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.“But it’S easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for(43) ___performance or creating too (44) ___anticipation for re—wards.”
A teacher(45) ___continually draws attention to rewards or who hands(46) ___high grades for ordinary achievement ends up(47) ___ddiscouraged students，Eisenberger holds.(48) ___an example of the latter point，he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing(49) ___.In earlier grades，the use of so—called token economies，in(50) ___students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards，shows promise in raising effort and creativity，the Dela—ware psychologist claims.
答案及解析
參考譯文
對于像熱情的贊揚(yáng)及冰冷的現(xiàn)金等外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)怎樣影響人的動(dòng)力和創(chuàng)造力，心理學(xué)家們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。研究行為和結(jié)果的行為學(xué)家說獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可以改善工作和學(xué)習(xí)的表現(xiàn)。而研究精神生活的認(rèn)知研究者們則堅(jiān)持獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)經(jīng)常會助長人們依賴他人的認(rèn)可和禮物而毀掉創(chuàng)造力。
后一種觀點(diǎn)得到了很多支持者，尤其是教育者們。但是，謹(jǐn)慎地使用小額的金錢作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)會激起分級學(xué)校里孩子們的.創(chuàng)造力，恰當(dāng)?shù)拇碳の锎_實(shí)有助于增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)造力，這是根據(jù)《個(gè)性與社會心理》雜志的6月刊中的一項(xiàng)研究得出的結(jié)論。
“如果孩子知道他們會得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)并可以集中于一項(xiàng)相對有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會顯示
出最大的創(chuàng)造力來，”紐瓦克·特拉華大學(xué)的羅伯特·艾森伯格說，“但是，如果表現(xiàn)不好也有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或者是對獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的期望過高，也會扼殺創(chuàng)造力。”
艾森伯格認(rèn)為，不斷強(qiáng)調(diào)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或給平常成績的學(xué)生打高分的老師，最終會使學(xué)生氣餒。作為后一種觀點(diǎn)的例子，他注意到著名大學(xué)加強(qiáng)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并恢復(fù)不及格的分?jǐn)?shù)所帶來的不斷增強(qiáng)的影響力。
在低年級里使用所謂的貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)，讓學(xué)生解決有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題，根據(jù)表現(xiàn)得分，并最后重視獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，會提高其努力程度和創(chuàng)造力，這位特拉華的心理學(xué)家說。
公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題 4
Martin Luther King. Jr. was born in Georgia in 1929. when was 16 a boy Martin learned that his 17 ， the black Americans， were 18 treated differently from most of 19 fellow Americans. Many could not attend good schools， 20 good jobs， or live in nice houses because of the color of their 21 。 Martin knew that in a free country this was 22 。 He wanted to help his black brothers， 23 he decided to go to school and 24 a minister. He became a pastor (牧師)in Montgomery， Alabama 。 This is 25 Martin Luther King‘s “peaceful fight” first began.
Dr. King worked 26 equality in other cities. He knew that the 27 way people could win their rights was to remain peaceful， 28 in face of danger. Dr. King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his achievements and 29 。
The whole nation 30 the terrible event that 31 on April 4， 1968， in Memphis， Tennessee. Martin Luther King， Jr， was 32 。 The man who had preached (倡導(dǎo)) nonviolence (非暴力) died 33 。
But Dr. King’s dream can never 34 。 Many Americans are still 35 to make that dream come true.
16. A. already B. still C. such D. not
17. A. family B. friends C. people D. country
18. A. much B. sometimes C. seldom D. often
19. A. his B. those C. most D. their
20. A. get B. look for C. having D. to do
21. A. faces B. skin C. bodies D. people
22. A. even worse B. different C. wrong D. reasonable
23. A. as B. because C. so D. but
24. A. helped B. ask C. visited D. become
25. A. where B. why C. said D. because
26. A. with B. in C. by D. for
27. A. only B. other C. wrong D. second
28. A. except B. even C. if D. not
29. A. honor B. victory C. courage D. strength
30. A. discouraged B. saw C. mourned D. rebelled
31. A. passed B. he did C. happened D. they managed
32. A. defeated B. shot C. caught D. put into prison
33. A. bravely B. violently C. quietly D. nonviolently
34. A. die B. be believed C. realize D. fail
35. A. wanted B. working C. prepared D. struggling
答案：BCDDA BCCDA DABCC CBBAD
B
In ancient(古代) time the most important examinations were spoken， not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome ， testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages， students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study of t
公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題 5
01
(A) Six dollars.
(B) Three miles.
(C) Tomorrow afternoon.
(D) Four years.
02
(A) Its up to you.
(B) Youre welcome.
(C) Im doing well.
(D) Never mind.
03
(A) Ok, Ill be there.
(B) Yes, take care.
(C) Wait a minute
(D) Sure, what do you need?
04
(A) Here you are.
(B) Mind your steps.
(C) Not far away.
(D) Nc problem.
05
(A) ABC Company.
(B) Over there.
(C) John Smith.
(D) My pleasure.
06
(A) In cash.
(B) After you.
(C) Two copies.
(D) Sure, Id love to.
07
(A) Pleased to meet you.
(B) Sounds great!
(C) Speaking, please.
(D) Thank you for calling.
Section B
08
(A) A hospital.
(B) A city library.
(C) A cell phone store.
(D) A shopping mall.
09
(A) To repeat the second sentences.
(B) To play the video again.
(C) To explain the third point again.
(D) To speak a bit louder.
10
(A) She will call Mr. Smith again.
(B) To ask Mr. Smith to call her
(C) To tell Mr. Smith to visit her.
(D) She will send Mr. Smith an invitation
11
(A) Its a failure.
(B) Its fairly good
(C) Its exciting.
(D) Its disappointing.
12
(A) Booking a restaurant table.
(B) Buying a flight ticket.
(C) Ordering food.
(D) Making a complaint.
13
(A) Two days later.
(B) Next month.
(C) Tomorrow.
(D) In two weeks.
14
(A) Bank clerk and customer.
(B) Doctor and Patient.
(C) Sales manager and client.
(D) Professor and student.
Section C
Conversation 1
15
(A)The womans new manager.
(B)The womans friend.
(C)The womans client.
(D)The womans new secretary.
16
(A) She is very strict.
(B) She is very capable.
(C) She is very nice.
(D) She is very funny.
17
(A) Send a message to Mrs. Li.
(B) Introduce the man to Mrs. Li.
(C) Give the man Mrs. Lis phone number.
(D) Ask the man to meet Mrs. Li tomorrow.
Conversation 2
18
(A) To book a hotel room.
(B) To cancel his booking.
(C) To confirm his booking.
(D) T change a hotel room.
19
(A) His telephone number and home address.
(B) His room number and departure date.
(C)His company nan e and email address.
(D) His name and date of visit.
Section D
Many companies allow employees to either work from home or in the office. One advantage ofworking from home is it removes the need to (20)crowds and traffic to get to the office.You dont have to (21)to yourworkplace, especially if your office is located faraway. You save both time and money (22)on traveling. You just need to (23)the work space which you have created in your own home. (24),workingfrom home could make you a more effective and efficient employee.
Part I Structure
Section A
25
At the meeting, Jane tried to explain her recent worksign language.
(A) as a result of
(B) at the risk of
(C) by means of
(D) at the cost of
26
These employees have nobut to take measures to protect themselves.
(A)addition(B) movement(C) choice(D) condition
27The fund available for the project are limited and we cannotto waste money.(A) afford(B) improve(C) assist(D) contribute
28We need several new computers but we want towait until they gosale.
(A) on(B) in(C)at(D) with
29To improve your English writing, put your pen to the page and writeis on your mind.
(A)whoever(B) whatever(C) whichever (D) whenever
30 We believed this problem simplya difference of opinion.
(A) depended on(B) resulted from(C) sent for(D) took off
31Youll need to consider the cost of running your business,time, money, and resources.
(A)include(B) including(C) included(D) to include
32It was in 2021the Chinese company openedits first branch in Paris.
(A) which(B) where(C) whatD) that
33
youve created a business plan. its time to findrentals and your first clients.
(A) Now that
(B) As if
(C) Not until
(D) Even though
34
for its beautiful night views and shopping centers, Hong Kong attracts millions of touristseach year.
(A) Know
(B) Knowing
(C) Known
(D) To know
Section B
35
The manager was not satisfied with our work and made us (start)over.
36
If you have a home service business. you must havea service (manage)system.
37
The doctor advised her to keep healthy by eating well and exercising (regular)
38
When he suggested (go)into business onhis own, his parents didnt agree.
39
The more I hear about the job, the (interested)I become.
Part II Reading Comprehension
Task 1
Most travelers are hoping to find ways to save on one-way car rental. The following tips forcheaper travel will allow you to have extra cash in your pocket.
1. Book and pay for your car rental in advance
Discounts are available from many car rentalcompanies. In most cases, discounts are given tothose who prepay for their rental at the time ofreservation(預(yù)訂) rather than when they return thevehicle.
2. Use discount or coupon codes(優(yōu)惠碼)
Some car rental companies offer special coupon codes to help save on various rental and sometimes include one-way rentals. Coupon codes can usually be found on car rental company websites.
3. Follow the seasons
During certain tines of the year, car rentalcompanies need to transport their fleet(車隊(duì))fromcompanies one part of the country to another. Car rentalcompanies tend to move their fleets during the winter months and spring. During these times, you are headed in the right direction, you may get better rates in one-way car rental.
4.Insurance
By taking rental car insurance through a carrental company, you can save money in the longrun, even if you have insurance.
40 To get a discount, you often need to
(A) join a rental program(B) pay for your rental in advance(C) make your rental payment in cash(D) pay a deposit when you book your rental
41According to the passage, you can usually findspecial coupon codes
(A) on car rental company websites(B) in a local newspaper(C) in a hotel where you stay(D) on a TV program
42What do car rental companies usually do during thewinter months and spring?
(A) Move their fleets.(B) Raise their rental price.(C) Launch a new rental program.(D) Offer discounts to their regular customers.
43The word rates in the sentence "you may get better rates in one-way car rental" means
(A) levels(B) degrees(C) prices(D) amounts
44 The passage is mainly about how to
(A) buy rental car insurance
(B) save on one-way car rental
(C) use coupon codes to save money
(D) book your car rental it advance
Task 2
VOLUNTEERS NEEDED!
We are seeking fun and motivating volunteers
to assist with our Rock Steady Boxing program.
Rock Steady Boxing gives people with
Parkinsons Disease.
Hope by improving their quality of life through
a non-contact boxing based fitness curriculum.
Volunteer training is scheduled for Tuesday &
Thursday, May 29th & 31th.
If you’re interested in volunteering
Please call or email Janet at:
723-3399 o1 janet.valenteur@yahoo.com
Thank you so much for your interest in helping
with the FIGHT
Notes
Parkinsons Disease帕金森病
curriculum課程
45
The Rock Steady Boxing program is designed to help
(A) volunteers to learn new skills together(B) seniors to stay mentally healthy(C) Parkinsons disease patients(D) young people to look for a job
46
According to the poster, the volunteering training isplanned for
(A) one day
(B) two days
(C) three days
(D) four days
47
The purpose of the poster is to
(A) raise money
(B) seek volunteers
(C) promote a healthy lifestyle
(D) increase pt blic health awareness
Task 3
ShareSolutions
ShareSolutions has been operating since 2003. It is a leading on-demand product platform toprovide smart and efficient communication services for sales and marketing teams, business partners,and customers. Up to now, there are more than 200 companies using it with users in more than 30 countries.
The sharing of information for sales andmarketing teams within a company and with keycustomers and partners is often unorganized,informal: and inefficient-causing lost profits, lost deals, and a lack of customer satisfaction(滿意).
ShareSolutions is aimed at giving businesses of all sizes on-demand access to various powerful tools. By creating products that are fast, easy to use, affordable(價(jià)格合理的), and of high value, itdrives best practice sharing, revenue(收益)increases, and customer satisfaction.
The founders have a background of buildingsoftware-as-a-service applications for Fortune 500companies and creating easy to use digital mediaapplications used by millions of consumers
ShareSolutions
Business type: on-demand product platform
Operating time: since (48)
Service: communication services for sales and marketing teams, (49)and customers
User: over (50)in more than 30 countries
Aim: giving businesses of all sizes on-demandaccess to (51)
Advantage: driving (52), revenue increases, and customer satisfaction
Founder:
1) having built software-as-a-service applications
2) having created easy to use digital mediaapplications
Task 4
A-Reference
B-Study room
C-Check out
D-Check in
E-Information desk
F-Accessible entrance
G-Copy service
H-Reader services
I-Bike parking
J-Periodicals room
K-self-service loans & returns
L-Bulletin board
M-Conference room
N-Back issue
0-Digital reading room
P-Overdue fine
Q-Book catalogue
Examples:(P)逾期罰款:(F)無障礙入口
Task 5
Dear Mr. Li
I was interested in the position of Office Assistant advertised in todays Daily News and would like to be considered for this position.
I am presently working as a secretary in manufacturing company and have a wide range ofresponsibilities. This includes attending and taking minutes of meeting and interviews, dealing with callers as well as the usual secretarial(文秘工作的) duties.
The kind of work in which your company is engaged particularly interests me and I would welcome the opportunity. It would afford me to make use of my foreign language abilities which are not utilized(使用的)in my present company.
A copy of my resume is enclosed. If you have any questions or need more information, please call me at 62*32477.
I hope to hear from you soon and to be giventhe opportunity to present myself at an interview.
Yours sincerely,Jane Smith
Enc.
58 What position is the letter writer applying for?
The position of
59 What position does the letter writer currently hold?
60 What kind of company is the letter writer working with now?
A
61 Why is the letter writer interested in the position advertised?
Because she can make use of her
62 What is enclosed to the letter?
A copy of
Part IV Translation
63 In addition to being able to bank at any time, from anywhere, there are other advantages to banking online.
(A)網(wǎng)上銀行有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，它能夠使你可以在任何時(shí)間和任何地點(diǎn)交易。
(B)網(wǎng)上銀行操作方便、快捷，能全方位、多層次地滿足您的金融需求。
(C)除了能夠隨時(shí)隨地進(jìn)行銀行業(yè)務(wù)外，網(wǎng)上銀行業(yè)務(wù)還有其他的優(yōu)勢。
64 The more you learn from new experiences and act positively, the more you increase the chances of a success.
(A)你現(xiàn)在越努力工作、越刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，那么你積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)就會越來越多。
(B)你從新的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí)得越多并積極行動(dòng)，你就越能增加成功的機(jī)會。
(C)你越刻苦工作，你積累的經(jīng)驗(yàn)越豐富，那么你成功的機(jī)會也就越多。
65 If youre a recent graduate or youre changing careers, you need to sort out your goals before beginning your job search.
(A)如果你剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)或正在更換職業(yè)，你在開始找工作前就需要理清你的`目標(biāo)。
答案：
1-5 DCABA
6-10 CDABC
11-15 CACDA
16-19 DCBA
20worry about
21 travelling together
22 make sure
23 wonderful
24 choose
25-29 CABDB
30-34 ADBCD
35 agreement
36 working
37 be surprised
38 largely
39 to understand
40-44 BACDB
45-47 DBC
48 2015
49experienced Chinese teachers
50Chinese language skills
51materials and resources
52various sections
53 IC 54NP 55 KE 56 AL 57 MB
58 gone our
59 24hours
60Care Guide
61sufficient airflow
62 food item
63-66 CCAB
66如果店員影響了您的購物體驗(yàn)，你該怎么辦？在我看來，處理這種情況的最佳方式是向其經(jīng)理發(fā)送一封正式的客戶投訴信。您應(yīng)該在投訴信中首先列出您的基本信息，并清楚地說明您寫這封信的原因。
PART V Writing
(1) Jane Smith
(2) 010-888##072
(3) March 17
(4) Double Room
(5) 25
Guests will arrive on 14th. We need to send a car to pick them up at the airport. Smith will provide flight information in advance. They need to rent a meeting room on 15th, equipped with a computer, projector, and other devices.
公共英語三級閱讀專項(xiàng)強(qiáng)化試題 6
Section I Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test book-let. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER SHEET 1.
If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer- A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.
Example:
You will hear:
W: Could you please tell me if the Beijing flight will be arriving on time?
M: Yes, Madam. It should be arriving in about ten minutes.
You will read:
Who do you think the woman is talking to?
[ A ] A bus conductor.
[ B ] A clerk at the airport.
[ C ] A taxi driver.
[ D ] A clerk at the station.
From the dialogue, we know that only a clerk at the airport is most likely to know the arrival time of a flight, so you should choose answer [ B ] and mark it in your test booklet.
Sample Answer: [ A ] [ ] [ C ] [ D ]
Now look at Question 1.
1. What is the womans reply?
[ A ] She knows Professor Arnold has come.
[ B ] She thinks Professor Arnold has checked in.
[ C ] She is sure that Professor Amold has arrived.
[ D ] She doesn t know whether Professor Arnold has arrived.
2. Who answered the phone?
[ A ] James Clock.
[ B ] Mary.
[ C ] Sue.
[ D ] Not mentioned.
3. How does the man feel about his grade?
[ A] It was an improvement.
[ B ] It was disappointing.
[ C] It was unfair.
[ D ] It was satisfying.
4. What does the woman mean?
[ A ] They re ready for the snow.
[ B ] Once it starts, it 11 snow a lot.
[ C ] It has been snowing for some time.
[ D ] The winter has just begun.
5. What subject does the man teach now?
[ A ] English.
[ B ] Chemistry.
[ C ] History.
[ D ] Chinese.
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