英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題
在社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，我們經(jīng)常接觸到試題，借助試題可以更好地考核參考者的知識(shí)才能。你所了解的試題是什么樣的呢？以下是小編收集整理的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題 1
Passage One
In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (1) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (2) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the (3) are not solely fixed by the genes.
For example, young foxes are typically raised in a litter of siblings. At birth, they are quite (4) and helpless. Their mother cares for them, but once they are weaned, she does not feed them, but they must fend for themselves. It is at this point that the variation becomes obvious. In some litters, the stronger, more (5) pups dominate their weaker siblings, grabbing more than their fair share of food. In other litters, the pups cooperate more in hunting and food - sharing. These different behaviors are not simply the result of different genetic make - ups. The pups learn from their (6) and from experience.
The same is true of the young of most bird species. Once they are hatched, they are (7) to a period of parental care during which they learn many of the basic skills they need to survive in the world. But once they leave the nest, their survival depends on their ability to learn to adapt to changing conditions.
One example of this is the (8) of crows. Crows are notoriously poor at building nests. Yet, they are able to survive because they are very good at stealing eggs from other birds nests. They learn this behavior through (9) and by watching other crows.
This evidence shows that nonhuman animals are much more capable of learning and adapting than was previously thought. Their social behavior is not just (10) by their genes but is also shaped by their environment and their experiences.
Questions for Passage One:
1. A. assumed B. adopted C. believed D. surmised
2. A. considerable B. inconsiderable C. considerate D. inconsiderate
3. A. behaviors B. genes C. instincts D. ties
4. A. strong B. independent C. small D. large
5. A. aggressive B. amiable C. passive D. active
6. A. environment B. parents C. siblings D. genes
7. A. subjected B. submitted C. committed D. omitted
8. A. behavior B. species C. nest D. egg
9. A. trial B. error C. trial and error D. experience
10. A. determined B. decided C. fixed D. settled
Answer for Passage One:
1. A. assumed�！癮ssume”有“假定、設(shè)想”的意思，早期科學(xué)家假定非人類的社會(huì)生活幾乎完全是本能的或者由基因決定的。
2. A. considerable。“considerable”表示“相當(dāng)多的、相當(dāng)大的”，很多觀察表明在大多數(shù)物種的.社會(huì)關(guān)系中有相當(dāng)多的變化。
3. D. ties。根據(jù)上文提到的“social ties”，這里說(shuō)的是社會(huì)關(guān)系并非僅僅由基因決定。
4. C. small。幼狐出生時(shí)是相當(dāng)小且無(wú)助的。
5. A. aggressive。在一些幼崽中，更強(qiáng)壯、更具攻擊性的幼崽會(huì)支配它們較弱的兄弟姐妹。
6. C. siblings。幼崽從它們的兄弟姐妹和經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)。
7. A. subjected�！癰e subjected to”是“遭受、經(jīng)受”的意思，幼鳥(niǎo)一孵化出來(lái)就會(huì)經(jīng)歷一段父母照顧的時(shí)期。
8. A. behavior。這里說(shuō)的是烏鴉的行為。
9. C. trial and error。烏鴉通過(guò)反復(fù)試驗(yàn)和觀察其他烏鴉來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)偷蛋的行為。
10. A. determined。它們的社會(huì)行為不僅僅由基因決定，還受環(huán)境和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響。
Passage Two
The health - care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or "provider" and purchaser or "consumer" in the typical doctor - patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Where circumstances permit the buyer no choice because there is effectively only one seller and the product is relatively essential, government usually asserts monopoly and places the industry under price and other regulations. Neither of these conditions prevails in most of the health - care industry.
In the health - care industry, the doctor - patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary consumer - provider relationship. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician - and even then there may be no real choice - it is the physician who usually makes all the significant decisions: whether the patient should return "next Wednesday", whether X - rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare patient who will challenge such professional decisions, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.
This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctors judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real "consumer". As a consequence, the medical staff represents the "power center" in hospital policy and decision - making, not the administration.
Although usually there are in fact several physicians who work together in the treatment of a patient, one physician typically has the final say. Doctors are not employees of the hospital in a strict sense, and the hospital does not really "buy" their services. The physician - patient relationship - doctor as provider, patient as consumer - is not the same as the hospital - physician relationship - hospital as provider, physician as consumer.
Questions for Passage Two:
1. The authors primary purpose in writing this passage is to ____.
A. criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patients
B. analyze some important economic relationships in the health - care industry
C. urge hospitals to reclaim their decision - making authority
D. inform potential patients of their health - care rights
2. In the health - care industry, the patient is ____.
A. the real "consumer"
B. the real "provider"
C. not the real "consumer"
D. not the real "provider"
3. According to the passage, when a patient needs hospitalization, the doctor is the one who ____.
A. decides what procedures will be performed
B. pays for the hospitalization
C. consults with the patient about the hospitalization
D. challenges the hospitals decision
4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The doctor - patient relationship is more like a seller - buyer relationship in most sectors of the economy.
B. Hospital administrators should make more medical decisions.
C. Most patients would rather follow the doctors advice.
D. There is no competition among hospitals.
5. It can be inferred that the author ____.
A. is satisfied with the present doctor - patient relationship
B. thinks the doctor - patient relationship needs to be changed
C. believes patients should have more say in medical decisions
D. is in favor of the hospital - physician relationship
Answer for Passage Two:
1. B. The passage mainly analyzes the unique economic relationships in the health - care industry, such as the doctor - patient relationship and the hospital - physician relationship.
2. C. In the health - care industry, in the doctor - patient relationship, the doctor makes most of the decisions, so the patient is not the real "consumer" in this relationship.
3. A. When a patient needs hospitalization, the doctor decides what procedures will be performed.
4. C. Since it is rare for a patient to challenge a doctors professional decisions, it can be inferred that most patients would rather follow the doctors advice.
5. C. The passage points out that the doctor makes most of the decisions in the doctor - patient relationship, and this situation may not be ideal, so it can be inferred that the author believes patients should have more say in medical decisions.
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題 2
In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had (1) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (2) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the (3) are not solely fixed by the genes.
For example, in the 1960s, biologist Jane Goodall (4) that chimpanzees make and use tools, a behavior that was previously thought to be (5) to humans. It has since been discovered that tool use occurs in some form among all primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物), demonstrating that it is a(n) (6) learned behavior.
In a more recent study, researchers found that the type of environment in which chicks are raised can (7) the expression of certain genes. These genes influence the chicks social behavior. For example, chicks raised in a(n) (8) environment with a lot of space and few predators (捕食者) are more likely to be bold and (9) in their social relationships, while chicks raised in a more crowded environment with more predators are more likely to be (10) and submissive.
1. A. assumed B. adopted C. believed D. surmised
2. A. considerate B. considerable C. considering D. considered
3. A. forms B. species C. ties D. behaviors
4. A. discovered B. invented C. found D. detected
5. A. unique B. specific C. exclusive D. single
6. A. innately B. instinctively C. genetically D. socially
7. A. influence B. effect C. impact D. affect
8. A. open B. large C. wide D. spacious
9. A. aggressive B. assertive C. offensive D. combative
10. A. timid B. shy C. cowardly D. fearful
答案：
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. A
解析：
1. “Earlier scientists had (1) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics.”這里表示早期科學(xué)家“假定、認(rèn)為”，assume有“假定、設(shè)想”的意思，adopt是“采納、收養(yǎng)”，believe更強(qiáng)調(diào)相信（主觀信念更強(qiáng)），surmise是推測(cè)（通常基于不充分的證據(jù)），這里assume更合適，所以選A。
2. “Much more careful observation has shown that (2) variation occurs among the social ties of most species”，這里需要一個(gè)形容詞修飾variation（變化），considerable表示“相當(dāng)多的、相當(dāng)大的”，considerate是“體貼的”，considering是介詞“考慮到”，considered是“經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮的”，所以選B。
3. “That is, the (3) are not solely fixed by the genes.” 聯(lián)系上文提到的“the social ties of most species”，這里說(shuō)的是這種社會(huì)關(guān)系不是僅僅由基因決定的，所以選C。
4. “biologist Jane Goodall (4) that chimpanzees make and use tools”，這里表示發(fā)現(xiàn)，discover強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)原本存在但不為人知的事物，invent是發(fā)明（創(chuàng)造新事物），find是找到（更強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果），detect是察覺(jué)、探測(cè)，這里用discover合適，所以選A。
5. “a behavior that was previously thought to be (5) to humans”，這里表示以前認(rèn)為這種行為是人類所獨(dú)有的，exclusive有“獨(dú)有的、排他的”意思，unique側(cè)重于獨(dú)一無(wú)二，specific是特定的`，single是單個(gè)的，exclusive更符合語(yǔ)境，所以選C。
6. “It has since been discovered that tool use occurs in some form among all primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物), demonstrating that it is a(n) (6) learned behavior.” 根據(jù)上文提到的“l(fā)earning is a part of social life”可知這里是說(shuō)這是一種社會(huì)習(xí)得的行為，所以選D。
7. “the type of environment in which chicks are raised can (7) the expression of certain genes.” 這里需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞表示影響，affect是動(dòng)詞，influence和impact也有影響的意思，但它們多用作名詞，effect作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示“使發(fā)生、引起”，所以這里選D。
8. “For example, chicks raised in a(n) (8) environment with a lot of space and few predators (捕食者) are more likely to be bold...”這里形容環(huán)境有很多空間，spacious表示“寬敞的、廣闊的”，open主要表示開(kāi)放的，large和wide更多形容尺寸大小，這里spacious更合適，所以選D。
9. “are more likely to be bold and (9) in their social relationships”，assertive表示“堅(jiān)定自信的”，aggressive有攻擊性的，offensive冒犯的，combative好斗的，這里說(shuō)在社會(huì)關(guān)系中堅(jiān)定自信，所以選B。
10. “while chicks raised in a more crowded environment with more predators are more likely to be (10) and submissive.” 這里說(shuō)在擁擠且有更多捕食者環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的小雞更可能是膽小的，timid表示“膽小的、羞怯的”，shy側(cè)重于害羞，cowardly有懦弱的貶義，fearful是害怕的，timid最合適，所以選A。
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