考研英語核心詞匯解析
1. rational, reasonable
rational a. 理性的,區(qū)別于無理性;理智的,區(qū)別于感情用事的。
The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.
理智的做法是送病人去看醫(yī)生。
reasonable a. 有道理的,公平合理的,或指人講道理的。
That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.
那個(gè)人工作努力,所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。
2. refrain, restrain, constrain
refrain v. 抑制,禁止,強(qiáng)調(diào)抑制一種沖動(dòng),是正式用語,為不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞from。
Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.
學(xué)生們克制住不在教室抽煙。
restrain v. 抑制,約束,指通過管束阻止某事發(fā)生,是及物動(dòng)詞,其習(xí)慣用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。
She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.
溜狗時(shí),她牽著狗來限制它的活動(dòng)。
constrain v. 強(qiáng)迫,力勸,是及物動(dòng)詞。
A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.
法律限制政府開支大于收入。
3. respectable, respectful, respective一組形近易混詞。
respectable a. 值得尊敬的`,有好名聲的。
They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.
他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)是受人們敬愛和信任的人。
respectful a. 尊敬他人的,恭敬的。
Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.
師生應(yīng)該相互彬彬有禮。
respective a.單個(gè)的,分別的。
4. revolve, evolve, involve
revolve v. 旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
The room began to revolve , then he fainted.
屋子開始旋轉(zhuǎn),然后他就昏倒了。
evolve v. 發(fā)展,演變。
Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.
幾千年來,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展得很緩慢。
involve v. 需要,包含;使卷入,牽涉。
Getting a driver's license involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.
要得到駕駛執(zhí)照需要學(xué)習(xí)開車,學(xué)習(xí)交通規(guī)則,還要經(jīng)過考試。
5. sanction, sanitation
sanction" class="hjdict" word="sanction" target=_blank>sanction n. 認(rèn)可,準(zhǔn)許,批準(zhǔn)。
I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.
我晚回家需要得到父母的批準(zhǔn)。
sanitation" class="hjdict" word="sanitation" target=_blank>sanitation n. 公共衛(wèi)生,環(huán)境衛(wèi)生,衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。
Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.
在理發(fā)店和餐館等營業(yè)場所執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的公共衛(wèi)生制度。
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