SAT寫作考前必知的實(shí)用小技巧
考生在備考SAT寫作時(shí),是有一些實(shí)用的小技巧是考前必須要知道的。下面我們就來(lái)看看SAT寫作考前必知的幾個(gè)實(shí)用小技巧,歡迎大家閱讀!
SAT寫作考前必知的5感悟小訣竅
1. 認(rèn)真讀題
SAT的寫作的題目往往是充滿陷阱的,一不小心落入陷阱,你的作文就無(wú)法直接回答問(wèn)題,從而進(jìn)入低分段,也讓你后面的努力都大打折扣。舉兩個(gè)例子。
Do people achieve more success by cooperation than by competition? 這道題并不復(fù)雜,但是很多同學(xué)會(huì)把所有的精力都放在寫Cooperation對(duì)Success的好處上,忘記了這篇文章是關(guān)于Cooperation和Competition的比較。所以你舉得例子不能僅僅指Cooperation的好處,更要和Competition相比較,并且證明Cooperation是否是更容易成功的要素。
Is creativity needed more than ever in the world today? 這道題看似非常簡(jiǎn)單,但是卻有一個(gè)很大的陷阱。很多同學(xué)會(huì)直接說(shuō)Creativity is needed,忽略了題目實(shí)際上問(wèn)的是Creativity是否在當(dāng)今的世界更加被需要。所以正確的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是對(duì)Creativity的要求達(dá)到了前所未有的程度或者是它并沒(méi)有超過(guò)過(guò)去對(duì)于Creativity的要求。
2. 先找例子
在思考例子的時(shí)候,不要先鎖定你的觀點(diǎn),這樣理論上就會(huì)讓你找到好例子的幾率減少一半。正確的做法應(yīng)該是用開(kāi)放的心態(tài)來(lái)尋找例子。比如上面的第一個(gè)例子,Cooperation和Competition孰優(yōu)孰劣不用先確定下來(lái),找到合適的例子再確定觀點(diǎn)也沒(méi)問(wèn)題。
那有同學(xué)會(huì)問(wèn),如果我找到一個(gè)Cooperation的例子,一個(gè)Competition的例子怎么辦?很簡(jiǎn)單,通過(guò)定義Success的方法或者區(qū)分兩個(gè)例子的具體情況就可以得出一個(gè)中立的觀點(diǎn)。 注意:中立的并不是沒(méi)有觀點(diǎn),一定要寫清楚你為什么得到這個(gè)中立的觀點(diǎn),而這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)又是什么。
3. 做好計(jì)劃
一個(gè)詳盡的計(jì)劃可以省去你后期的大量工作,因?yàn)槟阍谥蟮墓ぷ骰旧暇褪莊ollow這個(gè)計(jì)劃,保證語(yǔ)言文字的質(zhì)量就可以了。一個(gè)有價(jià)值的計(jì)劃至少應(yīng)該包括:
你的Thesis Statement
你的兩個(gè)例子以及如何展開(kāi)這兩個(gè)例子具體如何支持你的觀點(diǎn)
注意,你在制定計(jì)劃的時(shí)候一定要明確它的.可行性,而在書(shū)寫的時(shí)候更要主要堅(jiān)定不移的按照計(jì)劃來(lái)展開(kāi)內(nèi)容。
4. Link, Link, Link
Link就是保證你的前后文緊密的聯(lián)系,前后呼應(yīng),并且一直保持和你的觀點(diǎn)相關(guān)。不少考生的一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是希望把例子展開(kāi)的太大,交待的過(guò)于詳細(xì),以至于正文的很多內(nèi)容并不是和自己的觀點(diǎn)息息相關(guān)。 舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,類似于Bill Gates這樣的名人,有非常多Example-Worthy的方面,所以你在用他做例子的時(shí)候只要寫和你觀點(diǎn)相關(guān)的方面就可以,不用每次都說(shuō)到他的財(cái)富或者他的基金會(huì)。
5. 完成為上
能夠完成一篇作文是最重要的目標(biāo)之一。但是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間上的壓力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,很多新手考生會(huì)花過(guò)多的時(shí)間在開(kāi)頭及中間段,導(dǎo)致沒(méi)有時(shí)間完成結(jié)論部分。有頭無(wú)尾的文章是基本拿不到6以上的分?jǐn)?shù)的 (滿分為12分),所以一定要注意無(wú)論如何一定要留下一些時(shí)間給Conclusion。
SAT寫作必備分的三個(gè)要素
SAT考試的作文部分有三個(gè)要素,分別是point of view,example,reasoning, 也就是我們通常所說(shuō)的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證。這其中,又以第二點(diǎn)example(論據(jù))最難把握。從SAT官方指南中的10道作文題,對(duì)SAT作文的論據(jù)進(jìn)行分類解析。這八大類論據(jù)分別是:人物、企業(yè)、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、科技發(fā)展、環(huán)境污染、文學(xué)作文、歷史、時(shí)事。
第一題:Should heroes be defined as people who say what they think when we ourselves lack the courage to say it? 英雄是否應(yīng)該定義為這樣一種人:當(dāng)我們?nèi)狈τ職獗磉_(dá)自己內(nèi)心想法的時(shí)候,他們卻勇于說(shuō)出自己的真實(shí)想法?
解題:這道題算是比較簡(jiǎn)單,同學(xué)們一般會(huì)聯(lián)想到的論據(jù)是馬丁?路德?金、甘地、曼德拉、哥白尼、伽利略、布魯諾、達(dá)爾文等等。由此,我們引出第一類論據(jù):人物論據(jù)。實(shí)際上,人物論據(jù)是我們?cè)诮鉀QSAT題目時(shí)使用最多的一類論據(jù),大約可以應(yīng)用于大約60%以上的題目。同學(xué)們?cè)趥淇歼^(guò)程應(yīng)該找3~5個(gè)名人,把他們研究透徹,用到文章里面去。這些名人應(yīng)該具備以下一些品質(zhì):勇敢、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、樂(lè)觀、追求卓越、百折不撓、逆境成才、勇于挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威、積極服務(wù)他人等等。
第二題:Do you think that ease does not challenge us and that we need adversity to help us discover who we are? 順境不足以挑戰(zhàn)我們,我們需要逆境來(lái)了解自己,是否同意?
解題:人物論據(jù)。
第三題:Is conscience a more powerful motivator than money, fame, or power? 良知是不是一種比金錢、榮譽(yù)、權(quán)利更為強(qiáng)大的驅(qū)動(dòng)力?
解題:人物論據(jù)。
第四題:Do we need other people in order to understand ourselves? 我們是否需要他人以了解自己?
解題:此題引出兩類論據(jù):一、個(gè)人經(jīng)歷;二、企業(yè)論據(jù)。個(gè)人經(jīng)歷比較簡(jiǎn)單,寫一個(gè)發(fā)生在自己身上或身邊的故事即可。企業(yè)論據(jù)可以寫企業(yè)通過(guò)觀察競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身上存在的不足。比如肯德基和麥當(dāng)勞,諾基亞和索尼愛(ài)立信,波音和空中客車等等。
第五題:Is the world changing for the better? 世界是不是越來(lái)越好?
解題:此題引出兩類論據(jù):一、科技發(fā)展的好處;二、科技發(fā)展的壞處,主要體現(xiàn)在環(huán)境污染方面。科技發(fā)展的好處很多,可以寫醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步延長(zhǎng)壽命、農(nóng)業(yè)的進(jìn)步養(yǎng)活人口、家用電器方便人類生活。環(huán)境污染可以分類展開(kāi):水污染、大氣污染、土壤污染、噪音污染、固體廢物污染,等等。
第六題:Can success be disastrous? 成功會(huì)不會(huì)帶來(lái)災(zāi)難?
解題:同上題。如果寫不會(huì)帶來(lái)災(zāi)難,則寫科技發(fā)展的好處。如果寫會(huì)帶來(lái)災(zāi)難,則寫科技進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染。
第七題:Do changes that make our lives easier not necessarily make them better? 讓我們生活變得更加簡(jiǎn)單的那些變化,是否讓我們的生活變得更好?
解題:同上題。寫科技發(fā)展的好處,或者寫科技發(fā)展造成環(huán)境污染。
第八題:Is there always another explanation or another point of view? 是不是總存在另外一種觀點(diǎn)?
解題:同意?萍歼M(jìn)步的確方便了我們的生活;但是從一個(gè)角度來(lái)看,也污染了我們的生存環(huán)境。
第九題:What motivates people to change? 什么促使人們改變?
解題:這類題目要求考生自主定義。我們戲稱之為“爽歪歪”題型,原因是只要把我們之前寫過(guò)的題目中的關(guān)鍵詞填在這里就可以了。比如說(shuō),如果我們寫過(guò)第一題,我們就可以說(shuō)Courage motivates people to change. 如果我們寫過(guò)第二題,我們就可以說(shuō)Adversity motivates people to change. 同理,如果我們寫過(guò)第三題,我們就可以說(shuō)Conscience motivates people to change.(或者M(jìn)oney, fame and power motivate people to change.)
第十題:Is deception ever justified? 謊言是否正確?
解題:這道題除了可以寫自己生活中的謊言,也可以來(lái)自于文學(xué)作品和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)歷史中的White Lie(善意的謊言)。比如,《了不起的蓋茨比》中的男主人公,為了獲得真愛(ài),不得不欺騙自己的愛(ài)人。再比如,南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,南方軍隊(duì)為了保存實(shí)力、避免傷亡,利用戰(zhàn)術(shù)蒙騙了北方軍隊(duì)。我們可以寫謊言不好,比如結(jié)合時(shí)事,有些企業(yè)欺騙消費(fèi)者,由此帶來(lái)巨大傷害。
SAT優(yōu)秀作文賞析:Action
Both actions and words reveal attitudes and intentions
The true attiduteds and intentions of an individual person or a group of individuals will be not easily discovered if the person or the group calculatedly covers or hides them. The complexity of human beings is that they are able to deceive others. However, both the words and the actions reveal some of their true intentions, inclinations, and attitudes, depending on the knowledge, experience, and wisdom of the perceiver.
Words are able to convey the true attitudes. But at the same time, words can be well used as a means to deceive others or to hide the true intentions of the speaker. This is not necessarily lies. When one peroson or a gourp of persons clearly and unequivocally articulate his or their attitudes towards one or a series of social, economic, cultural, or religion problems, these words are used perfectly to convey the thoughts. For instance, when the Chinese president Hu Jintao clealry claimed that the problems in Tibet fall in the scope of Chinese domestic political and cultural issues, these words reveal the attitudes of his administration. But not in all cases humans are willing to entirely and clearly express their attitudes in the form of speeches or words. Under such conditions, words might lead the audiences to go astray. For example, in many cases, when a Chinese girl receives a bandle of rose from her boy friend, she will not use words in literal means. Rather she, not calculatedly, prefers to use words i
n figurative or even ambiguous senses. A particular but typical sentence in such case is “I hate you”. Paradoxically, when girls say the words, their actions show that they love the boys.
As far as the relationship between actions and true attitudes is concerned, the role actions play are not much different from those of words. That is to say, the actions of a person and a group of persons have two opposite functions. On the one hand they might reflect or mirror the true intention or inclination. This is much common among children. When a child cries, the baby is not satisfied. But in the field of political affairs, the situation might be totally reverased. For instance, when the Chinese King of Han Dynasity cried in front of his crew, he conveyed a complex sense and sensibility, attempting to cover not reveal his true attitude.
As the means of conveyance or communication, both human language and human behavior have at least double functions. Therefore, it is presumptuous to conclude that actions reveal the true attitude while the words have no such a function. The fact is that the true attitudes or intentions of human beings can only be revealed by those who have rich experience, wisdom, and knowledge in language, psychology, and the like.
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